고래류의 종 목록

고래목
	; 고래뛰기하는 병코돌고래
생물 분류ℹ️
계:	동물계
문:	척삭동물문
강:	포유강
하강:	진수하강
상목:	로라시아상목
목:	우제목/경우제목
하목:	고래하목; Brisson, 1762

아래는 고래류의 종 목록이다. 고래와 돌고래 그리고 쇠돌고래 등을 포함하고 있다. 수염고래소목과 이빨고래소목의 2개 소목에 88종의 현존하는 종으로 이루어져 있다.

수염고래소목

긴수염고래과 (Balaenidae)

속	종	학명	상태	개체수	크기
북극고래속 (Balaena)	북극고래	B. mysticetus Linnaeus, 1758	(CD)	8,000 – 9,200	60 톤
긴수염고래속 (Eubalaena)	북대서양참고래	E. glacialis Müller, 1776	(EN)	300	40–80 톤
	북태평양참고래	E. japonica Lacépède, 1818	EN	200	60–80 톤
	남방참고래	E. australis Desmoulins, 1822	(LC)	7,000	40–80 톤

수염고래과 (Balaenopteridae)

속	종	학명	상태	개체수	크기
대왕고래속 (Balaenoptera)	대왕고래	B. musculus Linnaeus, 1758	EN	5,000 – 12,000	100–120 톤
	브라이드고래	B. brydei Olsen, 1913	(DD)	90,000 – 100,000	14–30 톤
	북방쇠정어리고래	B. acutorostrata Lacépède, 1804	(NT)	미상	6-11 톤
	큰고래	B. physalus Linnaeus, 1758	EN	64,000	45–75 톤
	오무라고래	B. omurai Wada et al., 2003	미상	미상
	애기브라이드고래	B. edeni Anderson, 1879	미상	미상
	보리고래	B. borealis Lesson, 1828	EN	57,000	20–25 톤
	남방쇠정어리고래	B. bonaerensis Burmeister, 1867	CD	미상	6-10 톤
혹등고래속 (Megaptera)	혹등고래	M. novaeangliae Borowski, 1781	LC	80,000	25–30 톤

귀신고래과 (Eschrichtiidae)

속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
귀신고래속 (Eschrichtius)	귀신고래	E. robustus Lilljeborg, 1861	CD	26,000		15–40 톤

꼬마긴수염고래과 (Neobalaenidae)

속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
꼬마긴수염고래속 (Caperea)	꼬마긴수염고래	C. marginata Gray, 1846	LC	미상		3-3.5 톤

이빨고래소목

참돌고래과 (Delphinidae)

속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
흑백돌고래속 (Cephalorhynchus)	머리코돌고래	C. commersonii Lacépède, 1804	DD	3,400		35–60 kg
	칠레돌고래	C. eutropia Gray, 1846	DD	미상		60 kg
	히비사이드돌고래	C. heavisidii Gray, 1828	DD	미상		40–75 kg
	헥토르돌고래	C. hectori Van Beneden, 1881	EN	2,000 – 2,500		35–60 kg
속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
뱀머리돌고래속 (Steno)	뱀머리돌고래	S. bredanensis Lesson, 1828	DD	150,000		100–135 kg
혹등돌고래속 (Sousa)	대서양혹등돌고래	S. teuszi Kükenthal, 1892	DD	미상		100–150 kg
	인도양혹등돌고래	S. plumbea Cuvier, 1829	DD	미상		150–200 kg
	태평양혹등돌고래	S. chinensis Osbeck, 1765	DD	미상		250–280 kg
속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
정글참돌고래속 (Sotalia)	투쿠시	S. fluviatilis Gervais & Deville, 1853	DD	미상		35–45 kg
정글참돌고래속 (Sotalia)	꼬마돌고래	S. guianensis (van Bénéden, 1864)	DD	미상
큰돌고래속 (Tursiops)	큰돌고래	T. truncatus Montagu, 1821	DD	미상		150–650 kg
	남방큰돌고래	T. aduncus Ehrenberg, 1833	DD	미상		150–650 kg
	부르난큰돌고래	T. australis Charlton-Robb et al., 2011	DD	미상		150–650 kg
속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
알락돌고래속 (Stenella)	대서양알락돌고래	S. frontalis Cuvier, 1829	DD	100,000		100 kg
	클리멘돌고래	S. clymene Gray, 1846	DD	미상		75–80 kg
	범열대알락돌고래	S. attenuata Gray, 1846	CD	3,000,000		100 kg
	긴부리돌고래	S. longirostris Gray, 1828	CD	미상		90 kg
	줄무늬돌고래	S. coeruleoalba Meyen, 1833	CD	2,000,000		100 kg
속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
참돌고래속 (Delphinus)	돌고래	D. delphis L., 1758	LC			70–110 kg
사라와크돌고래속 (Lagenodelphis)	사라와크돌고래	L. hosei Fraser, 1956	DD	미상		209 kg
속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
낫돌고래속 (Lagenorhynchus)	대서양흰줄무늬돌고래	L. acutus Gray, 1828	LC	200,000 – 300,000		235 kg
	흰배낫돌고래	L. obscurus Gray, 1828	DD	미상		100 kg
	모래시계돌고래	L. cruciger Quoy & Gaimard, 1824	LC	140,000		90–120 kg
	태평양흰줄무늬돌고래	L. obliquidens Gill, 1865	LC	1,000,000		85–150 kg
	필돌고래	L. australis Peale, 1848	DD	미상^[1]		115 kg
	흰부리돌고래	L. albirostris Gray, 1846	LC	100,000^[2]		180 kg
속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
고추돌고래속 (Lissodelphis)	북방고추돌고래	L. borealis Peale, 1848	LC	400,000^[3]		115 kg
고추돌고래속 (Lissodelphis)	남방고추돌고래	L. peronii Lacépède, 1804	DD	미상^[4]		60–100 kg
큰코돌고래속 (Grampus)	큰코돌고래	G. griseus G. Cuvier, 1812	DD	미상^[5]		300 kg
고양이고래속 (Peponocephala)	고양이고래	P. electra Gray, 1846	LC	미상^[6]		225 kg
들고양이고래속 (Feresa)	들고양이고래	F. attenuata Gray, 1875	DD	미상^[7]		160–350 kg
흑범고래속 (Pseudorca)	흑범고래	P. crassidens Owen, 1846	LC	미상^[8]		1.5-2 톤
속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
범고래속 (Orcinus)	범고래	O. orca Linnaeus, 1758	CD	100,000^[9]		4.5 톤
거두고래속 (Globicephala)	참거두고래	G. melas Traill, 1809	LC	미상^[10]		3-3.5 톤
거두고래속 (Globicephala)	들쇠고래	G. macrorhynchus Gray, 1846	CD	미상^[11]		1–3 톤
강거두고래속 (Orcaella)	오스트레일리아강거두고래	O. heinsohni Beasley, Robertson & Arnold, 2005	미상	미상		130–145 kg
강거두고래속 (Orcaella)	이라와디돌고래	O. brevirostris Gray, 1866	DD	미상		130 kg

외뿔고래과 (Monodontidae)

속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
외뿔고래속 (Monodon)	외뿔고래	M. monoceros Linnaeus, 1758	DD	25,000^[12]		900-1,500 kg
흰고래속 (Delphinapterus)	흰고래	D. leucas Pallas, 1776	VU	100,000^[13]		1.5 톤

쇠돌고래과 (Phocoenidae)

속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
상괭이속 (Neophocaena)	상괭이	N. phocaenoides Cuvier, 1829	DD^[14]	미상^[15]		30–45 kg
쇠돌고래속 (Phocoena)	쇠돌고래	P. phocoena Linnaeus, 1758	VU	미상^[16]		75 kg
	바키타	P. sinus Norris & McFarland, 1958	CE	500^[17]		50 kg
	안경돌고래	P. dioptrica Lahille, 1912	DD	미상^[18]		60–84 kg
	버마이스터돌고래	P. spinipinnis Burmeister, 1865	DD	미상^[19]		50–75 kg
속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
까치돌고래속 (Phocoenoides)	까치돌고래	P. dalli True, 1885	CD	1,100,000^[20]		130–200 kg

향고래과 (Physeteridae)

속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
향고래속 (Physeter)	향고래	P. macrocephalus Linnaeus, 1758	VU	200,000 – 2,000,000^[21]		25–50 톤

꼬마향고래과 (Kogiidae)

속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
꼬마향고래속 (Kogia)	꼬마향고래	K. sima Owen, 1866	LC	미상^[22]		250 kg
꼬마향고래속 (Kogia)	쇠향고래	K. breviceps Blainville, 1838	LC	미상^[22]		400 kg

부리고래과 (Ziphiidae)

속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
민부리고래속 (Ziphius)	민부리고래	Z. cavirostris G. Cuvier, 1823	DD	미상^[23]		2–3 톤
부리고래속 (Berardius)	아르누부리고래	B. arnuxii Duvernoy, 1851	CD	미상^[24]		8 톤
부리고래속 (Berardius)	망치고래	B. bairdii Stejneger, 1883	CD	미상^[25]		12 톤
셰퍼드부리고래속 (Tasmacetus)	셰퍼드부리고래	T. shepherdi Oliver, 1937	DD	미상^[26]		2-2.5 톤
속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
열대병코고래속 (Indopacetus)	열대병코고래	I. pacificus Longman, 1926	DD	미상^[27]		3,5-4 톤
병코고래속 (Hyperoodon)	북방병코고래	H. ampullatus Forster, 1770	CD	10,000^[28]		7 톤
병코고래속 (Hyperoodon)	남방병코고래	H. planifrons Flower, 1882	CD	500,000		6 톤
속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
이빨부리고래속 (Mesoplodon)	앤드류부리고래	M. bowdoini Andrews, 1908	DD	미상		1 톤
	바아몬데부리고래	M. traversii, 이명: M. bahamondi Gray, 1874	DD	미상		1.2 톤
	혹부리고래	M. densirostris Blainville, 1817	DD	미상
	제르베부리고래	M. europaeus Gervais, 1855	DD	미상		1.2 톤
	은행잎이빨부리고래	M. ginkgodens Nishiwaki & Kamiya, 1958	DD	미상		1.5 톤
	그레이부리고래	M. grayi von Haast, 1876	DD	미상		1.5 톤
	헥토르부리고래	M. hectori Gray, 1871	DD	미상		1 톤
	허브부리고래	M. carlhubbsi Moore, 1963	DD	미상		1.4 톤
	페린부리고래	M. perrini Dalebout, Mead, Baker, Baker, & van Helding, 2002	DD	미상		1.3–1.5 톤
	꼬마부리고래	M. peruvianus Reyes, Mead, & Van Waerebeek, 1991	DD	미상		800 kg
	소워비부리고래	M. bidens Sowerby, 1804	DD	미상		1-1.3 톤
	큰이빨부리고래	M. stejnegeri True, 1885	DD	미상		1.5 톤
	끈모양이빨고래	M. layardii Gray, 1865	DD	미상		2 톤
	트루부리고래	M. mirus True, 1913	DD	미상		1.4 톤

강돌고래상과 (Platanistoidea)

보토과 (Iniidae)

속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
보토속 (Inia)	아마존강돌고래	I. geoffrensis Blainville, 1817	VU	미상		150 kg

양쯔강돌고래과 (Lipotidae)

속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
양쯔강돌고래속 (Lipotes)	양쯔강돌고래 또는 바이지	L. vexillifer Miller, 1918	CE 또는 멸종 추정	13^[29]		130 kg

인도강돌고래과 (Platanistidae)

속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
인도강돌고래속 (Platanista)	인도강돌고래	P. gangetica Roxburgh, 1801	EN	1,100^[30]		200 kg

프란시스카나과 (Pontoporiidae)

속	종	학명	상태	개체수	분포 지역	크기	사진
프란시스카나속 (Pontoporia)	프란시스카나	P. blainvillei Gervais & d'Orbigny, 1844	DD	4,000 – 4,500		50 kg

같이 보기

고대고래아목

각주

↑ Total population unknown but thought to be locally common – it is the most common dolphin found around the Falkland Islands
↑ Estimates of various stocks throughout the North Atlantic give an overall value into the high tens or low hundreds of thousands.
↑ Varying population estimates for areas around California and the North Pacific give a total of up to 400,000
↑ Surveys suggest this is the most common dolphin off of Chilean waters.
↑ The population around the continental shelf of the United States has been recorded to be in excess of 60,000. In the Pacific, a census recorded 175,000 individuals in eastern tropical waters and 85,000 in the west. No global estimate of population exists.
↑ Estimates for eastern tropical Pacific are 45,000 and another recent survey estimates population to be 1,200 for the eastern Sulu Sea, no global estimate is known.
↑ The only population estimate is of 38,900 individuals in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean
↑ The total population is unknown. The eastern Pacific was estimated to have in excess of 40,000 individuals and is probably the home of the largest grouping.
↑ Local estimates include 70–80,000 in the Antarctic, 8,000 in the tropical Pacific (although tropical waters are not the orca's preferred environment, the sheer size of this area — 19 million square kilometres — means there are thousands of orcas), up to 2,000 off Japan, 1,500 off the cooler northeast Pacific and 1,500 off Norway.
↑ Total population is not known. There are estimated to be in excess of 200,000 in the Southern Ocean. The North Atlantic population is not known.
↑ Total population not known. There are 150,000 individuals in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. There are estimated to be more than 30,000 animals in the western Pacific, off the coast of Japan.
↑ Aerial surveys suggest a population of around 20,000 individuals. When submerged animals are also taken into account, the true figure may be in excess of 25,000.
↑ There are estimated to be 40,000 individuals in the Beaufort Sea, 25,000 in Hudson Bay, 18,000 in the Bering Sea and 28,000 in the Canadian High Arctic. The population in the St. Lawrence estuary is estimated to be around 1000 Archived 2008년 1월 30일 - 웨이백 머신.
↑ There are not enough data to place finless porpoises on the endangered species list, except in China, where they are endangered. Their propensity for staying close to shore places them in great danger from fishing.
↑ There are no good estimates of the animals' abundance. However a comparison of two surveys, one from the late 1970s and the other from 1999/2000 shows a decline in population and distribution.
↑ Several surveys have been taken, although large gaps of data are missing, so an overall value cannot be achieved. In the eastern Pacific Ocean: Central California 4,120; Northern California 9,250; Oregon and Washington 26,175. In the Atlantic Ocean: Gulf of Maine 67,500; Skagerrak and Belt Seas 36,046; North Sea 279,367; Ireland and western UK 36,280.
↑ Only few serious attempts have been made to estimate the total size of the vaquita population. Varying numbers have been obtained although an average of about 500 is usually found.
↑ Nothing is known of the abundance of this porpoise. It was the most commonly encountered species during preliminary beach surveys undertaken on Tierra del Fuego.
↑ There are no quantitative data on abundance.
↑ The most recent estimate for the North Pacific and Bering Sea is 1,186,000.
↑ The total number of sperm whales throughout the world is unknown. Crude estimates, obtained by surveying small areas and extrapolating the result to all the world's oceans, range from 200,000 to 2,000,000 individuals.
↑ ^가 ^나 No global population estimates have been made. One survey estimated a population of about 11,000 in the eastern Pacific.
↑ Because of the difficulty of identifying the species the total global population is unknown.
↑ Arnoux's beaked whales seem to be relatively abundant in Cook Strait during summer
↑ Virtually nothing is known about the abundance of Baird's beaked whales, except they are not rare as was formerly thought.
↑ Nothing is known about the relative abundance of this species or its population composition.
↑ A 2002 survey estimates there are 766 animals around Hawaii. No other population estimates exist for other locales.
↑ Total population is unknown but likely to be of the order of 10,000.
↑ A survey from November–December 2006 failed to find any individuals. Another survey, from 1997, counted only 13 individuals. In 1986, surveys estimated the number to be at about 300.
↑ Estimates give values of 1,100 Indus river dolphins and maybe as few as 20 Ganges river dolphins.

Mead, J.G.; Brownell, R.L., Jr. (2005). “Order Cetacea” [고래목]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 723–743쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
“Red List of Threatened Species”. IUCN. 2006년 11월 2일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 11월 9일에 확인함.

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Cetacea

CMS Small Cetaceans

[1] Total population unknown but thought to be locally common – it is the most common dolphin found around the Falkland Islands

[2] Estimates of various stocks throughout the North Atlantic give an overall value into the high tens or low hundreds of thousands.

[3] Varying population estimates for areas around California and the North Pacific give a total of up to 400,000

[4] Surveys suggest this is the most common dolphin off of Chilean waters.

[5] The population around the continental shelf of the United States has been recorded to be in excess of 60,000. In the Pacific, a census recorded 175,000 individuals in eastern tropical waters and 85,000 in the west. No global estimate of population exists.

[6] Estimates for eastern tropical Pacific are 45,000 and another recent survey estimates population to be 1,200 for the eastern Sulu Sea, no global estimate is known.

[7] The only population estimate is of 38,900 individuals in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean

[8] The total population is unknown. The eastern Pacific was estimated to have in excess of 40,000 individuals and is probably the home of the largest grouping.

[9] Local estimates include 70–80,000 in the Antarctic, 8,000 in the tropical Pacific (although tropical waters are not the orca's preferred environment, the sheer size of this area — 19 million square kilometres — means there are thousands of orcas), up to 2,000 off Japan, 1,500 off the cooler northeast Pacific and 1,500 off Norway.

[10] Total population is not known. There are estimated to be in excess of 200,000 in the Southern Ocean. The North Atlantic population is not known.

[11] Total population not known. There are 150,000 individuals in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. There are estimated to be more than 30,000 animals in the western Pacific, off the coast of Japan.

[12] Aerial surveys suggest a population of around 20,000 individuals. When submerged animals are also taken into account, the true figure may be in excess of 25,000.

[13] There are estimated to be 40,000 individuals in the Beaufort Sea, 25,000 in Hudson Bay, 18,000 in the Bering Sea and 28,000 in the Canadian High Arctic. The population in the St. Lawrence estuary is estimated to be around 1000 Archived 2008년 1월 30일 - 웨이백 머신.

[14] There are not enough data to place finless porpoises on the endangered species list, except in China, where they are endangered. Their propensity for staying close to shore places them in great danger from fishing.

[15] There are no good estimates of the animals' abundance. However a comparison of two surveys, one from the late 1970s and the other from 1999/2000 shows a decline in population and distribution.

[16] Several surveys have been taken, although large gaps of data are missing, so an overall value cannot be achieved. In the eastern Pacific Ocean: Central California 4,120; Northern California 9,250; Oregon and Washington 26,175. In the Atlantic Ocean: Gulf of Maine 67,500; Skagerrak and Belt Seas 36,046; North Sea 279,367; Ireland and western UK 36,280.

[17] Only few serious attempts have been made to estimate the total size of the vaquita population. Varying numbers have been obtained although an average of about 500 is usually found.

[18] Nothing is known of the abundance of this porpoise. It was the most commonly encountered species during preliminary beach surveys undertaken on Tierra del Fuego.

[19] There are no quantitative data on abundance.

[20] The most recent estimate for the North Pacific and Bering Sea is 1,186,000.

[21] The total number of sperm whales throughout the world is unknown. Crude estimates, obtained by surveying small areas and extrapolating the result to all the world's oceans, range from 200,000 to 2,000,000 individuals.

[ReferenceA-22] 가 ^나 No global population estimates have been made. One survey estimated a population of about 11,000 in the eastern Pacific.

[23] Because of the difficulty of identifying the species the total global population is unknown.

[24] Arnoux's beaked whales seem to be relatively abundant in Cook Strait during summer

[25] Virtually nothing is known about the abundance of Baird's beaked whales, except they are not rare as was formerly thought.

[26] Nothing is known about the relative abundance of this species or its population composition.

[27] A 2002 survey estimates there are 766 animals around Hawaii. No other population estimates exist for other locales.

[28] Total population is unknown but likely to be of the order of 10,000.

[29] A survey from November–December 2006 failed to find any individuals. Another survey, from 1997, counted only 13 individuals. In 1986, surveys estimated the number to be at about 300.

[30] Estimates give values of 1,100 Indus river dolphins and maybe as few as 20 Ganges river dolphins.

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