미국 대도시의 죽음과 삶 편집
| 저자 | 제인 제이콥스 |
|---|---|
| 역자 | 유강은 |
| 나라 |  미국 |
| 언어 | 영어 |
| 출판사 | 랜덤 하우스, 뉴욕 |
| 발행일 | 1961 |
| ISBN | 978-89-7682-734-0(한국어판) |
제인 제이콥스가 지은 '미국 대도시의 죽음과 삶'(The Death and Life of Great American Cities)은 1961년에 처음 발매되어 20세기 도시 계획 분야에 지대한 영향을 준 책이다. 이 책에서 제이콥스는 현대 건축가들의 도시 계획 정책이 수많은 도심의 community를 파괴하는 것으로 보았고 이에 대한 비판을 가했다.
The Death and Life of Great American Cities, by Jane Jacobs, is a greatly influential book on the subject of urban planning in the 20th century. First published in 1961, the book is a critique of modernist planning policies claimed by Jacobs to be destroying many existing inner-city communities.
그녀의 가장 독설적인 비판은 1950년~1960년대의 로버트 모세스와 같은 "합리주의자" 계획가들에게 가해졌다. 제이콥스는 그 계획가들의 계획이 여러 복합한 특성을 지니는 커뮤니티에 살고 있는 사람들을 밀어내므로 결국 그 계획이 도시를 밀어낸다고 보았다. 현대 계획가들은 도시 계획에 대한 원칙들을 연역적 추론을 통해 정립했다. 제이콥스는 그 원칙 중 가장 폭력적인 것은 도시 재개발이고 가장 널리 퍼진 것은 용도 지역이라 보았으며 이 정책들은 고립되고 자연적이지 못한 도시 구역을 생성함으로써 community와 획기적인 경제적 효과economies를 파괴한다고 보았다.
Reserving her most vitriolic criticism for the "rationalist" planners (specifically Robert Moses) of the 1950s and 1960s, Jacobs argued that modernist urban planning rejects the city, because it rejects human beings living in a community characterized by layered complexity and seeming chaos. The modernist planners used deductive reasoning to find principles by which to plan cities. Among these policies the most violent was urban renewal; the most prevalent was and is the separation of uses (i.e., residential, industrial, commercial). These policies, she claimed, destroy communities and innovative economies by creating isolated, unnatural urban spaces.
In their place Jacobs advocated "four generators of diversity": "The necessity for these four conditions is the most important point this book has to make. In combination, these conditions create effective economic pools of use." (p. 151) The conditions are:
- Mixed uses, activating streets at different times of the day
- Short blocks, allowing high pedestrian permeability.
- Buildings of various ages and states of repair.
- Density.
Her aesthetic can be considered opposite to that of the modernists, upholding redundancy and vibrancy against order and efficiency. She frequently cites New York City's Greenwich Village as an example of a vibrant urban community. The Village, like many similar communities, may well have been preserved, at least in part, by her writing and activism. The book also played a major role in the urban development of Toronto in Canada, where Jacobs was involved in the campaign to stop the Spadina Expressway.[1]
The book continues to be Jacobs' most influential, and is still widely read by both planning professionals and the general public. It has been translated into six languages and has sold over a quarter-million copies.[2] Urban theorist Lewis Mumford, while finding fault with her methodology, encouraged Jacobs' early writings in the New York Review of Books.[3] Robert Caro has cited Jacobs' book as the strongest influence on The Power Broker, his biography of Robert Moses.
Jacobs' writings were an important influence on New Urbanism, an architecture and planning movement which emerged in the 1980s.
References 편집
- ↑ Cervero, Robert (1998). The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry, p. 87. Island Press. ISBN 1559635916.
- ↑ Ward, Stephen: Jane Jacobs: Critic of the modernist approach to urban planning who believed that cities were places for people in The Independent, 3 June 2006
- ↑ “Jane Jacobs Interviewed by Jim Kunstler for Metropolis Magazine, March 2001”. 2006년 4월 23일에 확인함.
Bibliography 편집
- 《The Death and Life of Great American Cities》 Modern Library (hacover)판. New York: Random House. 1993년 2월 [1961]. ISBN 0-679-60047-7. This edition includes a new foreword written by the author.
[[fr:Déclin et survie des grandes villes américaines]] [[he:מותן וחייהן של ערים אמריקאיות גדולות]] [[pt:The Death and Life of Great American Cities]]