사용자:배우는사람/연습장2

Chapter I - The Gods Of Egypt (pp. 42~44)

Power Over The Heart

[Page 42] Modern travellers have put on record the fact that certain savage and semi-savage peoples were, even in recent times, in the habit of eating pieces of flesh of mighty wild animals or of strong men, and of drinking their blood with the view of absorbing their nature, and life, and strength into their own bodies.³³⁾ This idea also existed among the Egyptians, both predynastic and dynastic, and we find an allusion to it in the extract from Unȧs under consideration, for he is said to take possession of the hearts of the gods, and to reckon up (~을 모두 합하다[합산하다]) the thesu and beqesu, and to feed upon fat smau.

³³⁾ See Robertson Smith, The Religion of the Semites, p. 295

The importance which the Egyptians attached to the possession of the physical heart, or of having power over it, is proved by many texts, and especially by several Chapters of the Book of the Dead, wherein we find many prayers which were specially written for the protection of the heart.

Thus in Chapter xxvi. the deceased prays,

“may my heart be to me in the house of hearts, may my ḥāti³⁴⁾ be to me in the house of ḥātu”;

³⁴⁾ the pericardium (심낭, 심막) (?). In the ancient texts the ḥāt, or ḥāti of a god was the seat of the words of power by means of which he maintained his life.

Chapters xxvii., xxviii., and xxix. were written to prevent the heart being carried away by those who steal hearts and destroy them, [Gods1 71]; Chapter xxix.A was composed to prevent its death in the Underworld; and Chapters xxx.A and xxx.B were intended to prevent a man's heart from being driven away from him there, especially at the time of the Judgment, when it was weighed in the Great Scales.

For the words thesu, beqesu, and smau it is not easy to find equivalents. From the connexion in which it occurs thesu must mean either the vertebra or some internal organ of the body which resembles a tied or knotted cord, whilst of beqesu the determinative (한정사, 결정사) proves that it also is an internal organ.

In Chapter xxx.A the deceased says,

“Homage to thee, O my heart (ȧb)!

Homage to thee, O my ḥāti (pericardium (심낭, 심막) ?)!

Homage to thee, O my besek,”

which is probably a variant form of beqes, but curiously enough the determinative of besek, [Gods1 72], is a heart.

In spite of this, however, it seems as if the [Page 43] word actually means “liver.” Mr. Frazer has quoted in his work³⁵⁾ instances which prove that savage tribes look upon the liver as the seat of the soul or life of man, and that portions of it are eaten by them with the view of acquiring the qualities of the former possessor of the liver.

³⁵⁾ The Golden Bough, vol. ii., p. 357 (2nd edition).

The Heart And Words Of Power

The words of the text of Unȧs do not say definitely that the king ate the thesu andlivers of the gods who had been killed for him, but it is evident from the context that they were supposed to form part of his food. On the other hand, it is said definitely that he did eat their smau saau, or “fat entrails,” [Gods1 73], and their hearts, [Gods1 74], or those portions of them which were the seats of the ḥekau, [Gods1 75], or words of magical power, which were the source of their life.

Now besides the spirits, and the words of power, and the internal organs of the gods, Unȧs, it is said, hath eaten the “knowledge,” [Gods1 76] sȧa, of every god, and the period of his life and his existence are merged into eternity and everlastingness, which he may pass in any way that pleaseth (기쁘게 하다, 원하다) his spiritual body (Sahu, spiritual soul, spiritual body, 키아) (sāḥ), and during this existence he has no need whatsoever to do anything which is distasteful to him. Moreover, the soul[s] and spirits of the gods are in and with Unȧs, and their souls, and their shadows, and their divine forms are with him. Thus we see that Unȧs has absorbed within his spiritual body (Sahu, spiritual soul, spiritual body, 키아) all the life and power of the gods, and his portion is everlasting life, and he can do anything and everything he pleases.

The Double Life Of Unas

Here we should naturally expect the section to come to an end, but the last sentence goes on to say that Unȧs is with the double Khā god, who is invisible, or unknown, and that being a Power (sekhem (power, 우주의식, Divine Spirit)) who hath performed [the ceremony] of ploughing (경운(耕耘)),

“the seat of the heart³⁶⁾ of Unȧs shall be among those who live upon this earth for ever and for ever.”

In this sentence we have an illustration of the difficulty of understanding and explaining the Egyptian religion and the doctrine of the gods. In the early portion of the passage from the text of [Page 44] Unȧs already translated and analyzed we are told how the dead king became the god of god, immortal and invisible, with supreme power in heaven, etc., but at the end of it we read that the seat of the heart of Unȧs shall be among those who live upon this earth for ever and ever, i.e., Unȧs shall enjoy after death a continuation of the life which he began in this world ; in fact, shall have a double existence, the one heavenly and the other earthly.

Rising Sun (Coronation of King, Pharaoh)
신성문자 표기

Rising Sun (variations-Khā)
신성문자 표기

The ancient Egyptian "Rising sun" hieroglyph is one of the oldest language hieroglyphs from Ancient Egypt. It was used by Pharaoh Khasekhemwy-( 'Khā-sekhem' ) of the 2nd dynasty in composing his name. The hieroglyph is also used to represent: "Coronation", and its basic meaning related to festivals, parades, rejoicing, etc., and the sun arising each day is: "rejoice".

Language usage of "Rising sun"-(Khā)

Khasekhemwy, Pharaoh of 2nd Dynasty.
Serekh, using the Horus–falcon, and the Set-animal (hieroglyph).
(for his name: rising sun: Kha + sekhemwy.

The basic usage of the Rising sun symbol is as the language equivalent: "khā", and is used to refer to "risings", "splendours", "coronations"; also the related word "crowns". The alternate hieroglyphic spelling with the sieve (hieroglyph) shows its other language variety, in a Composite hieroglyph block word.

Rosetta Stone usage

Line 11 of the Rosetta Stone refers to an event, one of the ten ways that the honoring of Pharaoh Ptolemy V is to be done:

"There shall be celebrated a festival and 'a day of rejoicing'-(Khā), in the temples of Egypt, all of them, of the King of the South and the North, Ptolemy, the everliving, of Ptah, beloved, the god appearing-(epiphanous), lord of benefits-(eucharistos-Greek), yearly, beginning in..."

In the Rosetta Stone, the second half of the decree, the Decree of Memphis (Ptolemy V), the Rising Sun (hieroglyph) is used six times, in lines: R-4, 7, 10-(twice), 11, and 13; all uses are related to either festivals, or erecting/constructing a statue.

See also

• Gardiner's Sign List#N. Sky, Earth, Water
• Sun (hieroglyph)

References

• Budge. The Rosetta Stone, E.A.Wallace Budge, (Dover Publications), c 1929, Dover edition(unabridged), 1989. (softcover, ISBN 0-486-26163-8)

Appendix to Chapter I (pp. 45~56)

[Page 45]

Unȧs, the slayer and eater of the Gods

496.

Gods1 7737
Ḳep
Poureth down water

Gods1 78
pet
heaven,

Gods1 7938
Ȧḥi
tremble

Gods1 80
sebu
the stars,

497.

Gods1 81
nem
go about

Gods1 82
kenemu
the bow-bearers

Gods1 83
seṭa
quake

498.

Gods1 84
qes
the bones

Gods1 8539
Aker
of Aker,

Gods1 86
ḳer - er - sen
those beneath them

Gods1 8740
kenemu
take to flight

Gods1 88
ma en sen
[when] they see

499.

Gods1 89
Unȧs
Unȧs

Gods1 90
khā
rising

Gods1 91 41
ba
[as] a soul

Gods1 92
em
like

Gods1 93 Gods1 94
neter ānkh
a god [who] liveth

Gods1 95
em
upon

Gods1 9642
ȧt - ƒ
his fathers

Gods1 97
usheb
[and] feedeth

500.

Gods1 98
em mut - f
upon his mothers.

Gods1 99
Unȧs
Unȧs



Gods1 100
pȧ
this [is]

Gods1 101
neb
the lord

Gods1 10243
sabut
of wisdom,

Gods1 104
khem en
[Page 46] knoweth not

501.

Gods1 105
mut - ƒ
his mother

Gods1 106
ren - ƒ
his name.

Gods1 10744
ȧu shepsu
Is the noble rank

Gods1 108
Unȧs
of Unȧs

Gods1 109
em
in

Gods1 110
pet
heaven,

Gods1 111
ȧu user-f
is his strength

Gods1 112
em
in

Gods1 11345
khut
the horizon

502.

Gods1 114
mȧ
like

Gods1 115
Tem
Tem,

Gods1 11646
ȧt-f
his father;

Gods1 117
ȧu mes - nef
he (i.e., Tem) begot him

Gods1 118
su useru eref
[and] he became stronger than he.

Gods1 11947
ȧu kau
Are the doubles 503.

Gods1 120
Unȧs of Unȧs

Gods1 12148
ḥa - f
behind him,

Gods1 122
ȧu ḥemu set-f (?)
the conquered [are]

Gods1 123
kher
beneath

Gods1 12449
reṭui - ƒ
his two feet.

Gods1 125
ȧu neteru - ƒ
His gods are

Gods1 126 50
ṭep - f
on him.

Gods1 12751
ȧu ȧārt - ƒ
His uraei are
504.

Gods1 128
em
on

Gods1 129
ȧpt - ƒ
his brow.

Gods1 130
ȧu
The

Gods1 131
semtu Unȧs
serpent guide of Unȧs is

Gods1 132
em ḥāt - f
before him.

Gods1 135
petret
[Page 47] Seeth

Gods1 136
ba
soul

Gods1 137

[his]

Gods1 13852
khut
the spirit

Gods1 139
ent
of

Gods1 140
bes
flame.

Gods1 141
ȧu useru Unȧs
The powers of Unȧs

Gods1 142
ḥer meket - f
protect him.

Gods1 143
Unȧs pȧ
Unȧs this [is]

Gods1 144
ka pet
the bull of heaven

Gods1 145
en heṭ
that thrusteth

Gods1 146
em
with

Gods1 147

ȧb -f
his will,

Gods1 14853
ānkh
living

Gods1 149
em
upon

Gods1 150
kheper
what cometh into being 506.

Gods1 151

en
of

Gods1 152
neter
god

Gods1 153

neb
every,

Gods1 15454
ām
and eating

Gods1 155
em
of

Gods1 156
semu - sen
their food

Gods1 157
iu
who come

Gods1 15855
meḥ
to fill

Gods1 159
khat - sen
their belly

Gods1 160
em
with

Gods1 16156
ḥekau
words of power

Gods1 162
em
from

Gods1 163

She
the lake

Gods1 164

en
of

Gods1 165
Sȧsȧ
Flame.

Gods1 166
Unȧs
Unȧs

Gods1 16757
pȧ
this [is] 507.

Gods1 16858
āper-ā er ȧāb
provided with power against

Gods1 169
khu - ƒ
his spirits.

Gods1 170
ȧu Unȧs khā
Unȧs riseth

Gods1 171
em
like

Gods1 17259
ur pu
a mighty one,

Gods1 173

neb
the lore

Gods1 174
ȧmu
in

Gods1 17560
ȧst-ā
the seat of the hand [of the gods].

Gods1 178
ḥems - ƒ
[Page 48] He is seated

Gods1 179
sa -f
[with] his back

Gods1 180
ȧr
to

Gods1 181
Seb
Seb. 508.

Gods1 182
Unȧs
Unȧs

Gods1 183
pȧ
this

Gods1 18461
utchā
weigheth

Gods1 185
met-f
his word

Gods1 186
ḥenā
with

Gods1 18762
Ȧmen ren - ƒ
Hidden of Name

Gods1 18863
hru
on day

Gods1 189
pu
this

Gods1 190
en
of

Gods1 19164
rekhes
slaughtering

Gods1 192
semsu
the eldest [gods]

Gods1 193
Unȧs
Unȧs

Gods1 194
p[u]
this [is]

Gods1 195
neb
the lord

Gods1 196
ḥetep
of the offering,

Gods1 19765
tes
tying

Gods1 198
āqa
the knot,

Gods1 199
ȧri
making

Gods1 20066
āut - f
his meals

Gods1 201
tchesef
for himself. 509.

Gods1 202
Unȧs
Unȧs

Gods1 20367
pȧ
this

Gods1 204
ām
eateth

Gods1 20568
remth
men

Gods1 206
ānkh
[and] liveth

Gods1 207
em
on

Gods1 208
neteru
the gods,

Gods1 209
neb
the lord

Gods1 21069
ȧnnu
of the offerings,

Gods1 211
khā
who examineth

Gods1 212
ȧpt
the lists of offerings.

Gods1 216
ȧn
[Page 49] Behold,

Gods1 21770
ȧkhem ȧpt
he who maketh to bow foreheads,

Gods1 21871
Ȧm-keḥuu
Ȧm-keḥuu

Gods1 219
sepeḥ - sen
hath snared them

Gods1 220
en
for

Gods1 221
Unȧs
Unȧs. 510.

Gods1 222
ȧn
Behold,

Gods1 22372
Tcheser-ṭep-f
Tcheser-ṭep-f

Gods1 22473
saa-nef-sen
hath known them

Gods1 225
khesef - nef sen
[and] he hath driven them [to him].

Gods1 226
ȧn
Behold,

Gods1 22774
Ḥer - thertu
Ḥer-thertu

Gods1 228
qas - nef sen
hath bound them.

Gods1 229
ȧn
Behold

Gods1 23075
Khensu,
Khensu

Gods1 231
meṭes
the slaughterer

Gods1 23276
nebu
of lords

Gods1 23377
tchaṭ - ƒ sen
hath cut the throats of them

Gods1 234
en
for

Gods1 235
Unȧs
Unȧs, 511.
[and]

Gods1 236
sheṭ-nef
he hath torn out

Gods1 237
ȧmt
what is in

Gods1 238
khat - sen
their belly,

Gods1 23978
ȧpt pu
[for] he is the messenger

Gods1 24079
habu - ƒ
[whom] he sent

Gods1 241
er
to

Gods1 242
khesef
drive [them].

Gods1 245
ȧn
[Page 50] Behold,

Gods1 24680
Shesemu
Shesemu

Gods1 247
rekhes - f sen
hath cut them up AWWv
en
for

Gods1 248
Unȧs
Unȧs,

Gods1 249
feses - nef
he hath boiled

Gods1 250
ȧkhet ȧm - sen pieces of them

Gods1 251
em
in

Gods1 25281
ketȧt - ƒ
his cauldrons

Gods1 25382
meshert
blazing. 512.

Gods1 254
Unȧs
Unȧs

Gods1 255
pȧ
this

Gods1 256
ȧm
hath eaten

Gods1 25783
ḥeka - sen
their words of power,

Gods1 258
ȧām
[he] hath eaten

Gods1 259
khu - sen
their spirits.

Gods1 260
ȧu uru - sen
Their great ones are /wwv
en
for

Gods1 261
ȧshet-f
his meal

Gods1 26284
ṭuat
of the morning,

Gods1 263
ȧu ḥer-ȧbu - sen
their middle ones are

Gods1 264
en
for

Gods1 26585
meshert - f
his sunset meal,

Gods1 26686
ȧu shereru - sen
their little ones are

Gods1 267
en
for

Gods1 26887
ȧst-f
his meal

Gods1 269
of the night, 513.

Gods1 27088
ȧu ȧa - sen
their old ones (male)

Gods1 27189
ȧatu - sen
their old ones (female) are

Gods1 277
en
[Page 51] for

Gods1 278
kapt - f
his furnace.

Gods1 279
ȧn
Behold,

Gods1 280
āāa
the great one

Gods1 281
em
in

Gods1 282
pet
heaven

Gods1 283
uṭu-nef
hath shot

Gods1 284
setchet
flame

Gods1 285
er
against

Gods1 286
uhaṭu
the cauldrons

Gods1 287
khert-sen
beneath them

Gods1 288
em
with

Gods1 289
khepeshu the thighs

Gods1 290
nu
of

Gods1 29190
semsu - sen
the eldest ones.

Gods1 292
ȧu

Gods1 29391
Perer - ȧmu - pet
Perer-ȧmu-pet

Gods1 294
en
of

Gods1 295
Unȧs
Unȧs

Gods1 296
shesert - nef
hath thrown [into]

Gods1 29792
ketȧt
the cauldrons

Gods1 298
em
the

Gods1 29993
reṭu
legs

Gods1 300
nu
of

Gods1 301
ḥemt - sen
their women.

Gods1 302
ȧu ṭeben - nef
He hath gone round about

Gods1 303
pet
the double heaven,

Gods1 304
tem-thȧ
all of it,

Gods1 305
ȧu perer - nef
he hath gone round about

Gods1 306
ȧṭebu
the two halves of Egypt.

Gods1 307
Unȧs
Unȧs

Gods1 308
pȧ
this [isj

Gods1 309
sekhem
the sekhem

Gods1 31094
ur
great,

Gods1 311
sekhem
the sekhem 515.

Gods1 312
em
of

Gods1 31395
sehhemu
the sekhemu.

Gods1 314
Unȧs
Unȧs

Gods1 31796
pȧ āshem
[Page 52] this [is] the āshem,

Gods1 318
āshem the āshem

Gods1 319
āshemu
of the āshemu

Gods1 32097
ur
great.

Gods1 321
qemi - f
[What] he findeth

Gods1 322
em
on

Gods1 32398
uat - f
his way

Gods1 324
ȧm - f nef su
he eateth it

Gods1 325
em umu
greedily.

Gods1 326
ȧu mehet Unȧs
The protection of Unȧs [is]

Gods1 327
em ḥāt
before 516.

Gods1 32899
sāḥu
[that of] the sāḥu

Gods1 329
nebu
all

Gods1 330
ȧmu
in

Gods1 331
khut
the horizon.

Gods1 332
Unȧs
Unȧs

Gods1 333100
pȧ
this

Gods1 334
semes
is the eldest

Gods1 335
er
of

Gods1 336101
semsu
the old ones.

Gods1 337102
ȧu perer - nef
He hath gone round

Gods1 338
khau
thousands,

Gods1 339
ȧu uṭen - nef
he hath offered

Gods1 340
shāut
hundreds.

Gods1 341
ȧu erṭā - nef
Hath been given to him

Gods1 342
ā
the hand

Gods1 343
em
as

Gods1 344
sekhem
the sekhem

Gods1 345103
ur
great,

Gods1 346
ȧn
behold

Gods1 348
Saḥu
[Page 53] Orion, 517.

Gods1 349
ȧr
with

Gods1 350104
neteru
the gods.

Gods1 351
ȧu nem en Unȧs
Hath repeated Unȧs

Gods1 352105
khātu
[his] rising

Gods1 353
em pet
in heaven.

Gods1 354106 107
.... seben
He is the seben crown

Gods1 355
em
as

Gods1 356
neb
lord

Gods1 357108
khut
of the horizon.

Gods1 358
ȧu ḥeseb - nef
He hath counted up

Gods1 359
ṭesu beqesu
knots [and] livers.

Gods1 360109
ȧu thet - nef
He hath taken possession of

Gods1 361
ḥātu
the hearts

Gods1 362
neteru
of the gods. 518.

Gods1 363
ȧu ām - nef
He hath eaten

Gods1 364110
ṭeshert
the Red Crown,

Gods1 365
ȧu am - nef
he hath eaten

Gods1 366111
uatchetu
the White Crown.

Gods1 367
usheb
Feedeth

Gods1 368
Unȧs
Unȧs

Gods1 369
em
upon

Gods1 370112
smau
entrails

Gods1 371
saau
fat,

Gods1 372
hetep-f
his offering [is that]

Gods1 373
em
whereon

Gods1 374113
ānkh
live

Gods1 375
em
in

Gods1 376
ḥātu
[their] hearts
[Page 54] 519.

Gods1 380114
ḥekau - sen
their words of power.

Gods1 381
ȧsht-f ȧu Unȧs
Behold, Unȧs

Gods1 382115
nesb - ƒ
eateth

Gods1 383
sebeshu
what is cast out

Gods1 384
ȧmu
[from]

Gods1 385
ṭeshert ȧf
the Red Crown,

Gods1 386
uakhḥa - f
he flourisheth,

Gods1 387
ȧu ḥeka - sen
their words of power

Gods1 388
em
are in

Gods1 389khat-f
his belly, 520.

Gods1 390
ȧn ḥem em
not is turned back

Gods1 391
sāḥu
the sāḥu

Gods1 392116
Unȧs
of Unȧs

Gods1 393
mā-f
from him.

Gods1 394
ȧu ām - nej
He hath eaten

Gods1 395117
sȧa
the intelligence

Gods1 396
en
of

Gods1 397
neter
god

Gods1 398
neb
every,

Gods1 399118
āḥāu
[his] period of life

Gods1 400
pȧ neḥeḥ
[is] eternity,

Gods1 401
tcher-f
his existence 521.

Gods1 402
pȧ tchetta
is everlastingness

Gods1 403
em
in

Gods1 404119
sāḥ - f
his sāh,

Gods1 405
pen
this

Gods1 406
en
what

Gods1 407
merer - ƒ
he is pleased [to do]

Gods1 408
ȧr - f
he doeth,

Gods1 410
mestchetck - ƒ
[Page 55] [what] he hateth

Gods1 411
ȧn ȧr-nef
not doeth he

Gods1 412
ȧm
in

Gods1 413120
tcher
the limits

Gods1 414
khut
of the horizon

Gods1 415
tchetta er neḥeḥ
for ever and ever.

Gods1 416
sek
Behold,

Gods1 417
ba - sen
their soul 522.

Gods1 418
ȧmt
[is] in

Gods1 419
Unȧs
Unȧs,

Gods1 420
khu - sen hher
spirits their [are] with

Gods1 421
Unȧs
Unȧs,

Gods1 422
em
more

Gods1 423121
ḥa khet - f
abundant [is] his food

Gods1 424
er
than [that of]

Gods1 425
neteru
the gods.

Gods1 426
qerert
The flame

Gods1 427
en
of

Gods1 428
Unȧs
Unȧs 523.
[is]

Gods1 429
em
in

Gods1 430
qesu - sen
their bones,

Gods1 431
sek
behold,

Gods1 432122
ba-sen
their soul

Gods1 433
hher
is with

Gods1 434
Unȧs
Unȧs,

Gods1 435
khaibitu-sen
their shadows

Gods1 436
mā
are with

Gods1 437123
ȧru - sen
their forms. 524.

Gods1 438
ȧu

Gods1 439
Unȧs
Unȧs

Gods1 440
em enen
is with these,

Gods1 441
khā khā
rising, rising,

Gods1 442
ȧmen
hidden,

Gods1 443124
ȧmen
hidden,

Gods1 444125
sehhem
a sekhem

Gods1 445
ȧru
having performed

Gods1 446126
ȧritu . . .
the ordinances
[Page 56] 525.

Gods1 452
em
of

Gods1 454127

Gods1 453
khebes ȧst-ȧb
ploughing, the seat of the heart

Gods1 455
Unȧs
of Unȧs [is]

Gods1 456
em
among

Gods1 457128
ānkhu
the living

Gods1 458
em
on

Gods1 459
ta
earth

Gods1 460
pen
this

Gods1 461
tchetta er neḥeḥ
for ever and for ever.
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