사용자:Raccoon Dog/Sandbox
"America the Beautiful" is a patriotic American song. Its lyrics were written by Katharine Lee Bates and its music was composed by church organist and choirmaster Samuel A. Ward at Grace Episcopal Church in Newark, New Jersey.[1] The two never met.[2]
Bates originally wrote the words as a poem entitled "Pikes Peak" that was first published in the Fourth of July 1895 edition of the church periodical, The Congregationalist. It was at that time that the poem was first entitled "America".
Ward had initially composed the song's melody in 1882 to accompany lyrics to "Materna", basis of the hymn, "O Mother dear, Jerusalem", though the hymn was not first published until 1892.[3] The combination of Ward's melody and Bates's poem was first entitled "America the Beautiful" in 1910. The song is one of the most popular of the many U.S. patriotic songs.[4]
History 편집
In 1893, at the age of 33, Bates, an English professor at Wellesley College, had taken a train trip to Colorado Springs, Colorado, to teach at Colorado College.[5] Several of the sights on her trip inspired her, and they found their way into her poem, including the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, the "White City" with its promise of the future contained within its gleaming white buildings;[6] the wheat fields of America's heartland Kansas, through which her train was riding on July 16; and the majestic view of the Great Plains from high atop Pikes Peak.[7][8]
On the pinnacle of that mountain, the words of the poem started to come to her, and she wrote them down upon returning to her hotel room at the original Antlers Hotel. The poem was initially published two years later in The Congregationalist to commemorate the Fourth of July. It quickly caught the public's fancy. An amended version was published in 1904.[출처 필요][9]
The first known melody written for the song was sent in by Silas Pratt when the poem was published in The Congregationalist. By 1900, at least 75 different melodies had been written.[10] A hymn tune composed in 1882 by Samuel A. Ward, the organist and choir director at Grace Church, Newark, was generally considered the best music as early as 1910 and is still the popular tune today. Just as Bates had been inspired to write her poem, Ward, too, was inspired. The tune came to him while he was on a ferryboat trip from Coney Island back to his home in New York City after a leisurely summer day and he immediately wrote it down. He composed the tune for the old hymn "O Mother Dear, Jerusalem", retitling the work "Materna". Ward's music combined with Bates's poem were first published together in 1910 and titled "America the Beautiful".[11]
Ward died in 1903, not knowing the national stature his music would attain. Bates was more fortunate, since the song's popularity was well established by the time of her death in 1929.[10] It is included in songbooks in many religious congregations in the United States.[12]
At various times in the more than one hundred years that have elapsed since the song was written, particularly during the John F. Kennedy administration, there have been efforts to give "America the Beautiful" legal status either as a national hymn or as a national anthem equal to, or in place of, "The Star-Spangled Banner", but so far this has not succeeded. Proponents prefer "America the Beautiful" for various reasons, saying it is easier to sing, more melodic, and more adaptable to new orchestrations while still remaining as easily recognizable as "The Star-Spangled Banner". Some prefer "America the Beautiful" over "The Star-Spangled Banner" due to the latter's war-oriented imagery; others prefer "The Star-Spangled Banner" for the same reason. While that national dichotomy has stymied any effort at changing the tradition of the national anthem, "America the Beautiful" continues to be held in high esteem by a large number of Americans, and was even being considered before 1931 as a candidate to become the national anthem of the United States.[13]
Lyrics 편집
Original poem (1893)[14] |
1904 version[15] |
1911 version[16] |
Popular versions 편집
Bing Crosby included the song in a medley on his album 101 Gang Songs (1961).
Frank Sinatra recorded the song with Nelson Riddle during the sessions for The Concert Sinatra in February 1963, for a projected 45 single release. The 45 was not commercially issued however, but the song was later added as a bonus track to the enhanced 2012 CD release of The Concert Sinatra.
In 1976, while the United States celebrated its bicentennial, a soulful version popularized by Ray Charles peaked at number 98 on the US R&B chart.[17][a] His version was traditionally played on New Year's Eve in Times Square following the ball drop.
Three different renditions of the song have entered the Hot Country Songs charts. The first was by Charlie Rich, which went to number 22 in 1976.[18] A second, by Mickey Newbury, peaked at number 82 in 1980.[19] An all-star version of "America the Beautiful" performed by country singers Trace Adkins, Sherrié Austin, Billy Dean, Vince Gill, Carolyn Dawn Johnson, Toby Keith, Brenda Lee, Lonestar, Lyle Lovett, Lila McCann, Lorrie Morgan, Jamie O'Neal, The Oak Ridge Boys, Collin Raye, Kenny Rogers, Keith Urban and Phil Vassar reached number 58 in July 2001. The song re-entered the chart following the September 11 attacks.[20]
Popularity of the song increased greatly following the September 11 attacks; at some sporting events it was sung in addition to the traditional singing of the national anthem. During the first taping of the Late Show with David Letterman following the attacks, CBS newsman Dan Rather cried briefly as he quoted the fourth verse.[21]
For Super Bowl XLVIII, The Coca-Cola Company aired a multilingual version of the song, sung in several different languages. The commercial received some criticism on social media sites, such as Twitter and Facebook, and from some conservatives, such as Glenn Beck.[22][23][24] Despite the controversies, Coca-Cola later reused the Super Bowl ad during Super Bowl LI, the opening ceremonies of the 2014 Winter Olympics and 2016 Summer Olympics and for patriotic holidays.[25][26]
Idioms 편집
"From sea to shining sea", originally used in the charters of some of the English Colonies in North America, is an American idiom meaning "from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean" (or vice versa). Other songs that have used this phrase include the American patriotic song "God Bless the U.S.A." and Schoolhouse Rock's "Elbow Room". The phrase and the song are also the namesake of the Shining Sea Bikeway, a bike path in Bates's hometown of Falmouth, Massachusetts. The phrase is similar to the Latin phrase "A Mari Usque Ad Mare" ("From sea to sea"), which is the official motto of Canada.[27]
"Purple mountain majesties" refers to the shade of the Pikes Peak in Colorado Springs, Colorado, which inspired Bates to write the poem.[28]
In the 2003 Tori Amos song "Amber Waves," the "America the Beautiful" lyric "for amber waves of grain" is appropriated to create a personification; Amos imagines Amber Waves as an exotic dancer, like she by the same name, portrayed by Julianne Moore, in Boogie Nights.
Books 편집
Lynn Sherr's 2001 book America the Beautiful discusses the origins of the song and the backgrounds of its authors in depth. The book points out that the poem has the same meter as that of "Auld Lang Syne"; the songs can be sung interchangeably. Additionally, Sherr discusses the evolution of the lyrics, for instance, changes to the original third verse written by Bates.[15]
Melinda M. Ponder, in her 2017 biography Katharine Lee Bates: From Sea to Shining Sea,[8] draws heavily on Bates's diaries and letters to trace the history of the poem and its place in American culture.
Notes 편집
- ↑ Ray Charles' 1972 recording of this song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 2005.
References 편집
- ↑ “'America the Beautiful' began in Newark | Di Ionno”. 2016년 3월 17일. 2016년 10월 11일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2016년 9월 18일에 확인함.
- ↑ Andy Pease, " 'America the Beautiful' by Katharine Lee Bates and Samuel Augustus Ward, arr. Carmen Dragon" 보관됨 2월 22, 2018 - 웨이백 머신, Wind Band Literature, July 1, 2014; accessed 2019-08-17.
- ↑ McKim, LindaJo (1993). 《The Presbyterian Hymnal Companion》. Louisville, Kentucky: John Knox Press. 379쪽. ISBN 9780664251802. 2012년 6월 22일에 확인함. (McKim notes that Ward once mentioned in a postcard that the hymn had been composed in 1882, however).
- ↑ “Materna (O Mother Dear, Jerusalem) / Samuel Augustus Ward [hymnal]:Print Material Full Description: Performing Arts Encyclopedia, Library of Congress”. Lcweb2.loc.gov. 2007년 10월 30일. 2011년 6월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2011년 8월 20일에 확인함.
- ↑ Cooney, Beth (2001년 11월 9일). “A Stirring Story Behind 'America the Beautiful'”. 《Los Angeles Times》. ISSN 0458-3035. 2017년 1월 25일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 8월 21일에 확인함.
- ↑ “No. 1238: 1893 Exhibition”. 《www.uh.edu》. 2017년 1월 18일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 8월 21일에 확인함.
- ↑ “America the Beautiful”. 《The Library of Congress》. 2017년 7월 5일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 8월 21일에 확인함.
- ↑ 가 나 Ponder, Melinda M. (2017). 《Katharine Lee Bates: From Sea to Shining Sea》. Chicago, IL: Windy City Publishers. ISBN 9781941478479.
- ↑ Baxter, Sylvester (1918년 10월 31일). “America the Beautiful”. 《The Journal of Education》 88 (16 (2202)): 428–429. doi:10.1177/002205741808801607. JSTOR 42767143. S2CID 220810886.
- ↑ 가 나 Ace Collins (2009년 8월 30일). 《Stories Behind the Hymns That Inspire America: Songs That Unite Our Nation》. Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-86685-5. 2018년 5월 8일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서.
- ↑ Collins, Ace (2003). 《Songs Sung Red, White, and Blue: The Stories Behind America's Best-Loved Patriotic Songs》. Harper. 19쪽. ISBN 978-0-06-051304-7.
- ↑ “America the Beautiful”. 《Hymnary.org》 (영어). 2019년 9월 16일에 확인함.
- ↑ Estrella, Espie (2018년 9월 2일). “Who Wrote "America the Beautiful"? The History of America's Unofficial National Anthem”. 《thoughtco.com》. ThoughtCo. 2018년 11월 14일에 확인함.
Many consider "America the Beautiful" to be the unofficial national anthem of the United States. In fact, it was one of the songs being considered as a U.S. national anthem before "Star Spangled Banner" was officially chosen. The song is often played during formal ceremonies or at the opening of important events...Many artists have recorded their own renditions of this patriotic song, including Elvis Presley and Mariah Carey. In September 1972, Ray Charles appeared on The Dick Cavett Show singing his version of "America the Beautiful."
- ↑ Bates, Katherine Lee (1897). “America. A Poem for July 4”. 《The American Kitchen Magazine》 7: 151. 2016년 5월 13일에 확인함.
- ↑ 가 나 Sherr, Lynn (2001). 《America the Beautiful: The Stirring True Story Behind Our Nation's Favorite Song》. New York: PublicAffairs. 78쪽. ISBN 978-1-58648-085-1. 2013년 6월 6일에 확인함.
- ↑ Bates, Katharine Lee (1911). America the Beautiful and Other Poems. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, pp. 3–4.
- ↑ “Ray Charles Chart History: R&B/Hip-Hop Songs”. 《Billboard》. 2019년 2월 4일에 확인함.
- ↑ Whitburn, Joel (2008). 《Hot Country Songs 1944 to 2008》. Record Research, Inc. 350쪽. ISBN 978-0-89820-177-2.
- ↑ Whitburn, p. 297
- ↑ Whitburn, p. 24
- ↑ Zacharek, Stephanie (2001년 9월 18일). “Dan Rather's tears; Journalists don't cry on camera. That was before last week.”. 《Salon.com》. 2009년 5월 22일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서.
- ↑ “Coca Cola's Super Bowl ad angers conservatives”. 《NY Daily News》. 2016년 5월 16일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2016년 5월 5일에 확인함.
- ↑ “Coca-Cola Super Bowl ad: Can you believe this reaction?”. 《USA TODAY》. 2016년 4월 23일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2016년 5월 6일에 확인함.
- ↑ Poniewozik, James (2014년 2월 2일). “Coca-Cola's "It's Beautiful" Super Bowl Ad Brings Out Some Ugly Americans”. 《Time》. 2014년 12월 17일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서.
- ↑ "It's Beautiful" Commercial 보관됨 11월 3, 2016 - 웨이백 머신 by the Coca-Cola Company Press Center. February 5, 2017
- ↑ “Coca-Cola ran a Super Bowl commercial about diversity and inclusion and people are mad”. 《SB Nation》. 2017년 2월 5일. 2017년 2월 6일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2017년 2월 6일에 확인함.
- ↑ Martin, Gary. “From sea to shining sea”. 《Phrases.org》. 2014년 7월 18일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2014년 7월 24일에 확인함.
- ↑ http://www.americanheritage.org/Elementary_Extraction_15-America_the_Beautiful_TX.pdf 보관됨 9월 4, 2012 - 웨이백 머신
External links 편집
- MP3 and RealAudio recordings available at the United States Library of Congress
- America the Beautiful의 무료 시트 뮤직 - Cantorion.org
- Words, sheet music & MIDI file at the Cyber Hymnal
- America the Beautiful Park in Colorado Springs named for Katharine Lee Bates' words.
- Archival collection of America the Beautiful lantern slides from the 1930s.
- Another free sheet music