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윌리엄 블레이크

영국의 화가이자 시인

윌리엄 블레이크(William Blake, 1757년 11월 28일 - 1827년 8월 12일)는 영국의 화가이자 시인이다.

윌리엄 블레이크
1807년의 윌리엄 블레이크 (토머스 필립스의 작품)
작가 정보
출생1757년 11월 28일(1757-11-28)
영국, 런던
사망1827년 8월 12일(1827-08-12)(69세)
직업시인, 화가, 판화 제작자, 편집장
장르환상적, Poetry
사조낭만주의
주요 작품
《순수와 경험의 노래》(Songs of Innocence and of Experience),《천국과 지옥의 결혼》 (The Marriage of Heaven and Hell), 《네 조아들》(Vala, or The Four Zoas),《예루살렘 (찬가)》 (Jerusalem: The Emanation of the Giant Albion), 《밀턴》 (Milton a Poem), and did those feet in ancient time, Poetical Sketches, The French Reuolution , The Book of Los
영향
영향 받은 인물Bible, Dante Alighieri, John Milton, Emanuel Swedenborg, Jakob Böhme, Mary Wollstonecraft
영향 준 인물William Butler Yeats, Hart Crane, Kahlil Gibran, Allen Ginsberg, John Gardner, Clive Barker,스티브 잡스, 하승무
서명

신비와 공상으로 얽힌 화가로서 시작(詩作)과 회화를 발표했다. 블레이크는 초상화나 풍경화처럼 자연의 외관만을 복사하는 회화를 경멸했다. 또 일반으로 보는 무감동한 작품을 부정하여, 대개 이론을 벗어나서 묵상 중에 상상하는 신비로운 세계를 그린다. 런던의 양말 공장 직공의 아들로 교육도 거의 독학으로 이루었다. 14세 때에 판화가의 제자가 되어 고찰(古刹)의 조각이나 중세의 사본을 만들어, 그것이 후에 영향을 주었다고 한다. 그는 25세 때에 결혼했고 회화에서는 유화를 꺼리고 수채화야말로 최고의 표현이라 생각하여 시화집을 만들어 간행했으며, 페이지마다 그림을 넣어 판각만의 자력만으로 창조한 색채 인쇄까지 했다. 런던에서 생애를 보냈고 그 시화집에는 《천국과 지옥의 결혼》(1790), 《경험의 노래》(1794) 등이 있으며, 기독교 성경 내용에 신비한 사색을 곁들인 《욥기》(1825)가 유명하다. 블레이크는 만년에 다시 단테의 《신곡》에 100매의 삽화를 기도했으나 미완성으로 그쳤다. 이 밖에 프레스코라고 자칭한, 실은 템페라의 회화가 있으나 삽화를 다른 회화와 나란히 견줄 만큼 인식시킨 것은 블레이크이다. 그의 순정을 담은 시작은 청순을 나타내지만, 그밖의 시화에서는 괴이한 신비가 나타나고 상식에 기초한 기법이 아니므로 그 선묘(線描)나 음영에서 생생히 호소하는 설득력을 나타내어, 그는 시대를 뛰어넘어 현대 감각에 연결된다.

기타 편집

채식본

  • c.1788: All Religions are One
    • There is No Natural Religion
  • 1789: Songs of Innocence
    • The Book of Thel
  • 1790–1793: The Marriage of Heaven and Hell
  • 1793–1795: Continental prophecies
  • 1793: Visions of the Daughters of Albion
    • America a Prophecy
  • 1794: Europe a Prophecy
    • The First Book of Urizen
    • Songs of Experience
  • 1795: The Book of Los
    • The Song of Los
    • The Book of Ahania
  • c.1804–c.1811: Milton
  • 1804–1820: Jerusalem The Emanation of the Giant Albion

비채식본

  • 1783: 시적 스케치 ( Poetical Sketches )
  • 1784-5: An Island in the Moon
  • 1789: Tiriel
  • 1791: The French Revolution
  • 1792: A Song of Liberty
  • 1797: The Four Zoas

블레이크가 묘사한 것들

  • 1791: Mary Wollstonecraft, Original Stories from Real Life
  • 1793: John Gay, Fables by John Gay with a Life of the Author, John Stockdale, Picadilly. 1793
  • 1796: Gottfried August Bürger, Leonora (not engraved by him)[116]
  • 1797: Edward Young, Night-Thoughts
  • 1805–1808: Robert Blair, The Grave
  • 1808: John Milton, Paradise Lost
  • 1819–1820: John Varley, Visionary Heads
  • 1821: Robert John Thornton, Virgil
  • 1823–1826: The Book of Job
  • 1824–1827: John Bunyan, The Pilgrim's Progress (Not finished)
  • 1825–1827: Dante, The Divine Comedy (Blake died in 1827 with work on these illustrations still unfinished. Of the 102 watercolours, 7 had been selected for engraving)

참고 자료 편집

 
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  • Peter Abbs (July 2014). “William Blake and the forging of the creative self”. 《The London Magazine》: 49–62. 
  • Peter Ackroyd (1995). Blake. Sinclair-Stevenson. ISBN 1-85619-278-4.
  • Donald Ault (1974). Visionary Physics: Blake's Response to Newton. University of Chicago. ISBN 0-226-03225-6.
  •  ———  (1987). Narrative Unbound: Re-Visioning William Blake's The Four Zoas. Station Hill Press. ISBN 1-886449-75-9.
  • Stephen C. Behrendt (1992). Reading William Blake. London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 0-312-06835-2 .
  • G.E. Bentley (2001). The Stranger From Paradise: A Biography of William Blake. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-08939-2.
  •  ———  (2006). Blake Records. Second edition. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09685-2.
  •  ———  (1977). Blake Books. Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-818151-5.
  •  ———  (1995). Blake Books Supplement. Clarendon Press.
  • Harold Bloom (1963). Blake's Apocalypse. Doubleday.
  • Jacob Bronowski (1972). William Blake and the Age of Revolution. Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 0-7100-7277-5 (hardback), ISBN 0-7100-7278-3 (pbk.)
  •  ———  (1944). William Blake, 1757–1827. A man without a mask. Secker and Warburg, London. Reprints: Penguin 1954; Haskell House 1967.
  • Helen P. Bruder (1997). William Blake and the Daughters of Albion. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press, and New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-333-64036-5.
  • G. K. Chesterton, William Blake. Duckworth, London, n.d. [1910]. Reprint: House of Stratus, Cornwall, 2008. ISBN 0-7551-0032-8.
  • Steve Clark and David Worrall, eds (2006). Blake, Nation and Empire. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press, and New York: St. Martin's Press.
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  • Morris Eaves (1992). The Counter-Arts Conspiracy: Art and Industry in the Age of Blake. Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-2489-5.
  • David V. Erdman (1977). Blake: Prophet Against Empire: A Poet's Interpretation of the History of His Own Times. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-486-26719-9.
  •  ———  (1988). The Complete Poetry & Prose of William Blake. Anchor. ISBN 0-385-15213-2.
  • R. N. Essick (1980). William Blake: Printmaker. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-03954-2.
  •  ———  (1989). William Blake and the Language of Adam. Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-812985-8.
  • R. N. Essick & D. Pearce, eds. (1978). Blake in his time. Indiana University Press.
  • Michael Ferber, The Social Vision of William Blake. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1985.
  • Irving Fiske (1951). Bernard Shaw's Debt to William Blake. London: The Shaw Society [19-page pamphlet].
  • Northrop Frye (1947). Fearful Symmetry. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-06165-3.
  •  ———  ed. (1966). Blake. A collection of critical essays. Prentice-Hall.
  • Alexander Gilchrist, Life and Works of William Blake, (2d ed., London, 1880). Reissued by Cambridge University Press, 2009. ISBN 978-1-108-01369-7.
  • Jean H. Hagstrom, William Blake. Poet and Painter. An introduction to the illuminated verse, University of Chicago, 1964.
  • Hoeveler, Diane Long (1979). “Blake's Erotic Apocalypse: The Androgynous Ideal in "Jerusalem"” (PDF). 《Essays in Literature》 (Western Illinois University) 6 (1): 29–41. 2013년 1월 31일에 확인함. To become androgynous, to overcome the flaws inherent in each sex, emerges as the central challenge for all Blake's characters. 
  • James King (1991). William Blake: His Life. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-07572-3.
  • Saree Makdisi (2003). William Blake and the Impossible History of the 1790s. University of Chicago Press.
  • Benjamin Heath Malkin (1806). A Father's Memoirs of his Child Longsmans, Hurst, Rees, and Orme, Paternoster Row, London. {See : : Arthur Symons, William Blake (1907, 1970) at 307–329.}
  • Peter Marshall (1988). William Blake: Visionary Anarchist. Freedom Press. ISBN 0-900384-77-8
  • Emma Mason, "Elihu's Spiritual Sensation: William Blake's Illustrations to the Book of Job," in Michael Lieb, Emma Mason and Jonathan Roberts (eds), The Oxford Handbook of the Reception History of the Bible (Oxford, OUP, 2011), 460–475.
  • W. J. T. Mitchell (1978). Blake's Composite Art: A Study of the Illuminated Poetry. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-691-01402-7.
  • Joseph Natoli (1982, 2016) Twentieth-Century Blake Criticism: Northrop Frye to the Present. New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-1389-3914-1.
  • Victor N. Paananen (1996). William Blake. New York: Twayne Publishers. ISBN 0-8057-7053-4.
  • Laura Quinney (2010). William Blake on Self and Soul. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03524-9.
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  • George Anthony Rosso Jr. (1993). Blake's Prophetic Workshop: A Study of The Four Zoas. Associated University Presses. ISBN 0-8387-5240-3.
  • Gholam Reza Sabri-Tabrizi (1973). The 'Heaven' and 'Hell' of William Blake. New York: International Publishers.
  • Mark Schorer (1946). William Blake: The Politics of Vision. New York: H. Holt and Co.
  • Basil de Sélincourt (1909). William Blake. London:Duckworth and co..
  • June Singer, The Unholy Bible: Blake, Jung, and the Collective Unconscious (New York: Putnam 1970). Reprinted as: Blake, Jung, and the Collective Unconscious (Nicolas-Hays 1986).
  • Sheila A. Spector (2001). Wonders Divine: the Development of Blake's Kabbalistic Myth. Bucknell Univ. Pr. ISBN 978-0838754689
  • Algernon Charles Swinburne, William Blake: A Critical Essay. John Camden Hotten, Piccadilly, London, 2d. ed., 1868.
  • Arthur Symons, William Blake. A. Constable, London 1907. Reprint: Cooper Square, New York 1970. {Includes documents of contemporaries about Wm. Blake, at 249–433.}
  • E. P. Thompson (1993). Witness Against the Beast Cambridge: Cambridge University Press ISBN 0-521-22515-9.
  • Joseph Viscomi (1993). Blake and the Idea of the Book (Princeton University Press). ISBN 0-691-06962-X.
  • David Weir (2003). Brahma in the West: William Blake and the Oriental Renaissance (SUNY Press).
  • Mona Wilson (1927). The Life of William Blake (London: The Nonesuch Press)
  • Roger Whitson and Jason Whittaker (2012). William Blake and the Digital Humanities: Collaboration, Participation, and Social Media (London: Routledge) ISBN 978-0415-6561-84
  • Jason Whittaker (1999). William Blake and the Myths of Britain (London: Macmillan).
  • W. B. Yeats (1903). Ideas of Good and Evil (London and Dublin: A. H. Bullen). {Two essays on Blake at 168–175, 176–225}.
  • A Comparative Study of Three Anti-Slavery Poems Written by William Blake, Hannah More and Marcus Garvey: Black Stereotyping by Jérémie Kroubo Dagnini for GRAAT On-Line, January 2010.
  • W. M. Rossetti, ed., Poetical Works of William Blake, (London, 1874)
  • A. G. B. Russell (1912). Engravings of William Blake.
  • Blake, William, William Blake's Works in Conventional Typography, edited by G. E. Bentley, Jr., 1984. Facsimile ed., Scholars' : Facsimiles & Reprints, ISBN 978-0-8201-1388-3.
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