유가 (힌두교)

힌두교에서 유가는 일반적으로 시대를 나타내는데 사용된다.[1][2]

리그베다에서 유가는 세대, 긴 기간, 매우 짧은 기간 또는 멍에(두 가지를 결합하는 것)를 의미한다.[3] 마하바라타에서 유가와 칼파(브라흐마의 날)라는 단어는 창조와 파괴의 순환을 설명하기 위해 같은 의미로 사용된다.[4]

"유가"라는 이름은 일반적으로 차투르유가, 예를 들어 수리야 싯단타와 바가바드 기타(마하바라타의 일부)에서 4개의 세계 시대(사트야 유가, 트레타 유가, 드와파라 유가, 칼리 유가)의 순환을 나타낸다.[1][5][a]

인용주 편집

  1. The general word "yuga" is sometimes used instead of the more specific word "catur-yuga". A kalpa is described as lasting 1,000 catur-yuga in Bhagavata Purana 12.4.2 ("catur-yuga")[6] and Bhagavad Gita 8.17 ("yuga").[7]

참조주 편집

  1. “Yuga”. 《Dictionary.com》. 랜덤하우스. 
  2. Sundarraj, M. (1997) [1st ed. 1994]. 〈Ch. 4 Asvins⁠—Time-Keepers〉. Mahalingam, N. 《RG Vedic Studies》. Coimbatore: Rukmani Offset Press. 219쪽. It is quite clear that the smallest unit was the 'nimisah' ['winking of eyes'], and that time in the general sense of past, present and future was indicated by the word 'yuga'. 
  3. “Kalivarjya (actions forbidden in the Kali Age)”. 《Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society》 (The Asiatic Society of Bombay) 12: 1–2. September 1936. The word yuga occurs at least thirty-eight times in the Rigveda, but the meaning is rather doubtful. In a few places yuga means yoke ... In many places it appears to refer to a very brief period ... Generally yuga appears to mean in the Rigveda 'generation' (lessening the life of human generations) ... In other places 'yuga' must be given the sense of a 'long period of time' ... 
  4. . Brill Publishers.  |제목=이(가) 없거나 비었음 (도움말)
  5. Burgess, Rev. Ebenezer (1935) [1st ed. 1860]. Gangooly, Phanindralal, 편집. 《Translation of the Surya-Siddhanta, A Text-Book of Hindu Astronomy; With notes and an appendix》. University of Calcutta. 9쪽. The period of 4,320,000 years is ordinarily styled Great Age (mahayuga), or, as above in two instances [1.15-16], Quadruple Age (caturyuga). In the Surya-Siddhanta, however, the former term is not once found, and the latter occurs only in these verses; elsewhere, Age (yuga) alone is employed to denote it, and always denotes it, unless expressly limited by the name of the Golden (krta) Age. 
  6. “Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam (Bhāgavata Purāṇa) 12.4.2”. 《Bhaktivedanta Vedabase》. 2020년 5월 10일에 확인함.
    catur-yuga-sahasraṁ tu brahmaṇo dinam ucyate ।
    sa kalpo yatra manavaś caturdaśa viśām-pate ॥ 2 ॥

    (2) One thousand cycles of four ages [catur-yuga] constitute a single day of Brahmā, known as a kalpa. In that period, O King, fourteen Manus come and go.
     
  7. “Bhagavad-gītā As It Is”, 《Bhaktivedanta Vedabase》 (Bhaktivedanta Book Trust), 1968, LCCN 68008322, 2020년 5월 10일에 확인함,
    sahasra-yuga-paryantam ahar yad brahmaṇo viduḥ ।
    rātriṁ yuga-sahasrāntāṁ te ’ho-rātra-vido janāḥ ॥ 17 ॥

    (17) By human calculation, a thousand ages [yuga] taken together form the duration of Brahmā’s one day. And such also is the duration of his night.
     위키데이터 Q854700

외부 링크 편집