로쿠스 전투

로쿠스 전투
	오스트리아 왕위 계승 전쟁의 일부
	; 1746년 로쿠스 전투를 다룬 그림.
날짜	1746년 10월 11일
장소	현재 벨기에, 리에주 근처
결과	프랑스의 승리
교전국
그레이트브리튼 왕국; 하노버 선제후국; 신성로마제국 오스트리아; 네덜란드 공화국	프랑스
지휘관
존 리고니어; 로트링겐의 카를 알렉산더; 발데크 공	삭스 백작 모리스
병력
97,000명	80,000명
피해 규모
4,000-5,000명; 대포 30문	3,500명

로쿠스 전투 혹은 로쿠 전투는 1746년 10월 11일 오스트리아 왕위 계승 전쟁 기간 중 벨기에 리에주 외곽에서 오스트리아, 영국, 하노버, 네덜란드 연합군을 프랑스군이 이긴 전투를 말한다.

사전 준비 편집

프랑스군 지휘관은 삭스 원수(Marshall Saxe)였고, 국본 연합(Pragmatic Allies)군은 로트링겐의 카를 공(Prince Charles of Lorraine)의 오스트리아와 브리튼 장군 존 리고니어경이 지휘했다. 삭스는 네덜란드를 침공해 플랑드르(Flanders)를 점령한 뒤 연합군을 위협하여 전역을 끝마치려고 했다. 연합군은 리에주에 있던 네덜란드군 지휘관 발테크의 왼쪽, 즉 리에주와 로쿠스(Rocoux) 사이에 위치를 정했다. 브리튼과 하노버는 중앙에 위치하고, 오스트리아는 자르(Jaar)강 거의 오른쪽에 위치했다.

전투 편집

로쿠스 전투 지도

리에주와 로쿠스 사이 연합군 전선 좌측에 있던 네덜란드군 일부에 프랑스군의 주요 공격이 집중되었고, 네덜란드군은 3번에 걸친 급습을 힘겹게 물리쳤다.^[7] 일방적으로 진행되는 프랑스군의 공격에 연합군 전선이 무너지기 시작했다. 연합군 우익에 있던 오스트리아군은 지원 약속과 프랑스군이 진격하면서 드러난 프랑스군 좌측면을 급습할 기회를 시도하지 않았다. 리고니어의 기병대와 몇몇 브리튼 보병대 대열의 후방 근위대의 도움을 바라지 않고, 프랑스의 군대에게 물러났다. 이로써 프랑스군은 승리하고, 곧 리에주는 함락되어 네덜란드를 지배하던 오스트리아의 영향력은 쇠퇴했다.

영향 편집

프랑스의 승리로 곧 리에주는 함락되었고, 이로써 네덜란드를 지배하던 오스트리아의 영향력을 배제했다.

각주 편집

↑ George Ripley, Charles Anderson Dana, The American Cyclopaedia, New York, 1874, p. 250, "...the standard of France was white, sprinkled with golden fleur de lis...". *[1] Archived 2008년 1월 16일 - 웨이백 머신The original Banner of France was strewn with fleurs-de-lis. *[2] Archived 2015년 4월 6일 - 웨이백 머신:on the reverse of this plate it says: "Le pavillon royal était véritablement le drapeau national au dix-huitième siècle...Vue du château d'arrière d'un vaisseau de guerre de haut rang portant le pavillon royal (blanc, avec les armes de France)."[3] Archived 2011년 10월 27일 - 웨이백 머신 from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica: "The oriflamme and the Chape de St Martin were succeeded at the end of the 16th century, when Henry III., the last of the house of Valois, came to the throne, by the white standard powdered with fleurs-de-lis. This in turn gave place to the famous tricolour."
↑ 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica, entry National Flags: "The Austrian imperial standard has, on a yellow ground, the black double-headed eagle, on the breast and wings of which are imposed shields bearing the arms of the provinces of the empire . The flag is bordered all round, the border being composed of equal-sided triangles with their apices alternately inwards and outwards, those with their apices pointing inwards being alternately yellow and white, the others alternately scarlet and black ." Also, Whitney Smith, Flags through the ages and across the world, McGraw-Hill, England, 1975 ISBN 0-07-059093-1, pp.114 - 119, "The imperial banner was a golden yellow cloth...bearing a black eagle...The double-headed eagle was finally established by Sigismund as regent...".
↑ Skrine, Francis Henry.Fontenoy and Great Britain's Share in the War of the Austrian Succession 1741-48. London, Edinburgh, 1906, p.311: "24,000 British, Hanoverians and Hessians...49,000 Austrians. The left wing, of 24,00 Dutch troops..."
↑ Gentlemen's Magazine Vol. XVI 1746 page 542, Copy of a Letter sent from Sir John Ligonier to the Earl of Sandwich at Breda, relating to the Action on the 11th Inst. Dated from the Camp of Losser, Oct. 12
↑ Smollett, Thomas. The History of England from the Revolution to the Death of George II. London, 1848, Vol. II, p. 509
↑ Skrine, Francis Henry.Fontenoy and Great Britain's Share in the War of the Austrian Succession 1741-48. London, Edinburgh, 1906, p.313.
↑ Gentlemen's Magazine Vol. XVI, 1746, page 542. Extract of a Letter from a Dutch Officer, Relating to the Action near Liege. "The affair that we had yesterday with the French begun in the evening. The fire which the enemy made upon us from their mask'd batteries, and otherwise, was one of the most terrible ever seen, and it look'd as if hell had opened her mouth to swallow us up. As I was of the rear-guard, and among the hindmost of my troop, in retiring from the field of battle, 'tis a miracle I escaped. As the stragglers come in, we hope to make some abatement in the number said to be lost.",

참조 편집

Browning, Reed.The War of the Austrian Succession, St. Martin's Press, New York, (1993): ISBN 0-312-12561-5
Chandler, David. The Art of Warfare in the Age of Marlborough. Spellmount Limited, (1990): ISBN 0-946771-42-1
Skrine, Francis Henry. Fontenoy and Great Britain's Share in the War of the Austrian Succession 1741-48. London, Edinburgh, 1906.

[1] George Ripley, Charles Anderson Dana, The American Cyclopaedia, New York, 1874, p. 250, "...the standard of France was white, sprinkled with golden fleur de lis...". *[1] Archived 2008년 1월 16일 - 웨이백 머신The original Banner of France was strewn with fleurs-de-lis. *[2] Archived 2015년 4월 6일 - 웨이백 머신:on the reverse of this plate it says: "Le pavillon royal était véritablement le drapeau national au dix-huitième siècle...Vue du château d'arrière d'un vaisseau de guerre de haut rang portant le pavillon royal (blanc, avec les armes de France)."[3] Archived 2011년 10월 27일 - 웨이백 머신 from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica: "The oriflamme and the Chape de St Martin were succeeded at the end of the 16th century, when Henry III., the last of the house of Valois, came to the throne, by the white standard powdered with fleurs-de-lis. This in turn gave place to the famous tricolour."

[2] 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica, entry National Flags: "The Austrian imperial standard has, on a yellow ground, the black double-headed eagle, on the breast and wings of which are imposed shields bearing the arms of the provinces of the empire . The flag is bordered all round, the border being composed of equal-sided triangles with their apices alternately inwards and outwards, those with their apices pointing inwards being alternately yellow and white, the others alternately scarlet and black ." Also, Whitney Smith, Flags through the ages and across the world, McGraw-Hill, England, 1975 ISBN 0-07-059093-1, pp.114 - 119, "The imperial banner was a golden yellow cloth...bearing a black eagle...The double-headed eagle was finally established by Sigismund as regent...".

[3] Skrine, Francis Henry.Fontenoy and Great Britain's Share in the War of the Austrian Succession 1741-48. London, Edinburgh, 1906, p.311: "24,000 British, Hanoverians and Hessians...49,000 Austrians. The left wing, of 24,00 Dutch troops..."

[4] Gentlemen's Magazine Vol. XVI 1746 page 542, Copy of a Letter sent from Sir John Ligonier to the Earl of Sandwich at Breda, relating to the Action on the 11th Inst. Dated from the Camp of Losser, Oct. 12

[5] Smollett, Thomas. The History of England from the Revolution to the Death of George II. London, 1848, Vol. II, p. 509

[6] Skrine, Francis Henry.Fontenoy and Great Britain's Share in the War of the Austrian Succession 1741-48. London, Edinburgh, 1906, p.313.

[7] Gentlemen's Magazine Vol. XVI, 1746, page 542. Extract of a Letter from a Dutch Officer, Relating to the Action near Liege. "The affair that we had yesterday with the French begun in the evening. The fire which the enemy made upon us from their mask'd batteries, and otherwise, was one of the most terrible ever seen, and it look'd as if hell had opened her mouth to swallow us up. As I was of the rear-guard, and among the hindmost of my troop, in retiring from the field of battle, 'tis a miracle I escaped. As the stragglers come in, we hope to make some abatement in the number said to be lost.",

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