세계의 법계: 두 판 사이의 차이

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Gksdnf1999 (토론 | 기여)
잔글 세계의 법률 시스템을(를) 세계의 법체계(으)로 옮김
Gksdnf1999 (토론 | 기여)
편집 요약 없음
1번째 줄:
{{제목 변경|세계의 법체계}}
{{정리 필요}}
[[그림:LegalSystemsOfTheWorldMap.png|thumb|right|300px|세계의 주요한주요 법률 시스템의법체계의 분포]]
'''법체계'''(法體系) 또는 '''법계'''(法系)는 법의 체계를 구분하는 기준을 말한다. 법체계를 구분하는 기준으로는 [[법원 (법의 연원)|법원]]을 기준으로 하거나, [[인종]], 법규범의 내용, 이데올로기 등이 있지만, 일반적으로 법원을 기준으로 다음의 4개 주요 법체계로 나눈다.
전세계에는 다음의 4개의 주요한 법률 시스템이 존재한다:
 
*[[대륙법]]
*[[영미법대륙법]]
{{main|*[[영미법}}]]계
*[[관습법]]
*[[종교법]]
 
그러나,이 외에도국은나라가 여러 시스템의 장점을장접을 계수하여,혼합하여 종종새로운 파생형법체계의 시스템을성격을 개발하곤띄기도 한다.
 
==대륙법==
[[대륙법]]을 취한 국가는 전세계에서 가장 널리 사용된다분포되어 있다. 이것은유럽대륙법이라고도 또한한다. <em>유럽[[로마법]]과 대륙법</em>으로도[[게르만법]]을 알려져근간으로 있다.하여 이것의 주요한 특징은[[독일]]과 [[로마법프랑스]] 근거한등의 유럽 대륙에서 발달하였다. [[사법성문법]]이다을 중심으로 한다.
 
대륙법계 국가는 대체적으로 다음 국가이다.
성문화된 대륙법을 채택하고 있는 국가는 다음과 같다:
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width=150px |국가
! 설명
|-
| {{국기나라|알바니아}} [[알바니아 법|법]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|오스트리아}} [[Law of Austria|Austria]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|벨기에}} [[Law of Belgium|Belgium]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|불가리아}} [[Law of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|브라질}} [[Law of Brazil|Brazil]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|칠레}} [[Law of Chile|Chile]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|중화인민공화국}} [[Law of the People's Republic of China|People's Republic of China]]
| based on civil law system; derived from Soviet and continental civil code legal principles.
|-
| {{국기나라|콜롬비아}} [[Law of Colombia|Colombia]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|크로아티아}} [[Law of Croatia|Croatia]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|체코}} [[Law of the Czech Republic|Czech Republic]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|덴마크}} [[Courts of Denmark|Denmark]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|도미니카 공화국}} [[Law of the Dominican Republic|Dominican Republic]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|에콰도르}} [[Law of Ecuador|Ecuador]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|에스토니아}} [[Law of Estonia|Estonia]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|핀란드}} [[Law of Finland|Finland]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|프랑스}} [[French law|France]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|독일}} [[German law|Germany]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|그리스}} [[Law of Greece|Greece]]
| based on a [[civil code]], highly influenced by the German civil code of 1900 ([[Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch]]); the Greek civil code replaced in 1946 the [[Byzantine-Roman]] civil law in effect in Greece since its independence (Νομική Διάταξη της Ανατολικής Χέρσου Ελλάδος, Legal Provision of Eastern Mainland Greece, November 1821: 'Οι Κοινωνικοί Νόμοι των Αειμνήστων Χριστιανών Αυτοκρατόρων της Ελλάδος μόνοι ισχύουσι κατά το παρόν εις την Ανατολικήν Χέρσον Ελλάδα', 'The Social [i.e. Civil] Laws of the Dear Departed Christian Emperors of Greece [referring to the Byzantine Emperors] alone are in effect at present in Eastern Mainland Greece')
|-
| {{국기나라|과테말라}} [[Law of Guatemala|Guatemala]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|아이티}} [[Law of Haiti|Haiti]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|헝가리}} [[Law of Hungary|Hungary]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|이탈리아}} [[Law of Italy|Italy]]
| based on codified [[Roman law]], with elements of the [[Napoleonic civil code]].
|-
| {{국기나라|일본}} [[Japanese law|Japan]]
| modeled after European civil law system with English-American influence.
|-
| {{국기나라|라트비아}} [[Law of Latvia|Latvia]]
| Largely influenced by Germany, medium influences from Russian and Soviet law.
|-
| {{국기나라|룩셈부르크}} [[Law of Luxembourg|Luxembourg]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|마카오}} [[Legal system of Macau|Macau]]
|Based on the Portuguese strand of the continental tradition, itself much influenced by Germany; also influenced by the law of the PRC
|-
| {{국기나라|멕시코}} [[Law of Mexico|Mexico]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|네덜란드}} [[Law of the Netherlands|Netherlands]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|노르웨이}} [[Law of Norway|Norway]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|파나마}} [[Law of Panama|Panama]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|페루}} [[Law of Peru|Peru]]
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|-
| {{국기나라|폴란드}} [[Polish law|Poland]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|포르투갈}} [[Portuguese law|Portugal]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|러시아}} [[Law of Russia|Russia]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|슬로바키아}} [[Law of Slovakia|Slovakia]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|에스파냐}} [[Law of Spain|Spain]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|스웨덴}} [[Law of Sweden|Sweden]]
| As all Scandinavian legal systems, it is distinguished for its traditional character and as well as for the fact that it did not adopt elements of Roman law. It is indeed worth mentioning that it assimilated very few elements of foreign laws whatsoever. It is also interesting that the Napoleonic code had no influence in codification of law in Scandinavia. The historical basis of the law of Sweden, just as for all Nordic countries, is the Old German law. Codification of the law started in Sweden during the 18th century, preceding the codifications of most other European countries. However, neither Sweden, nor any other Nordic state created a civil code of the kind of the <em>code civil</em> or the BGB
|
|-
| {{국기나라|스위스}} [[Law of Switzerland|Switzerland]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|타이}} [[Law of Thailand|Thailand]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|터키}} [[Law of Turkey|Turkey]]
| influenced by the Swiss civil law
|-
| {{국기나라|베트남}} [[Legal system in Vietnam|Vietnam]]
| [[Communism|Communist legal theory]] and [[French civil law]]
|-
| {{국기나라|대한민국}} [[Law of Kore|Republic of Korea]]
|}
 
==영미법==
{{main|영미법}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width=150px |국가
! 설명
|-
| {{국기나라|오스트레일리아}} [[Law of Australia|Australia]]
| based on [[English common law]]
|-
| {{국기나라|캐나다}} [[Law of Canada|Canada]]
| based on English common law, except in {{국기나라|Quebec}} [[Quebec]], where civil law system based on [[French law]] prevails
|-
| {{국기나라|키프로스}} [[Law of Cyprus|Cyprus]]
| based on English common law
|
|-
| {{국기나라|홍콩}} [[Legal system of Hong Kong|Hong Kong]]
| based on English common law
|-
| {{국기나라|인도}} [[Law in India|India]]
| based on English common law, separate personal law codes apply to [[Muslims]], [[Christians]], and [[Hindus]]
|-
| {{국기나라|아일랜드}} [[Law of the Republic of Ireland|Republic of Ireland]]
| based on English common law
|-
| {{국기나라|뉴질랜드}} [[Law of New Zealand|New Zealand]]
| based on English common law
|-
| {{국기나라|파키스탄}} [[Law of Pakistan|Pakistan]]
| based on English Common Law, some [[Islamic Law]] applications in [[inheritance]]. [[Tribal Law]] in [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan|FATA]]
|-
| {{국기나라|싱가포르}} [[Laws of Singapore|Singapore]]
| based on English common law
|
|-
| {{국기나라|영국}} [[Law of the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]]
| [[English law]] (also includes [[Wales]]) and [[Northern Irish law]] is primarily common law, with early [[Roman law|Roman]] and some modern [[Continental Europe|continental]] influences. [[Scotland]] has its own unique system, [[Scots law]], based on civil law, and generally regarded as mixed
|-
| {{국기나라|미국}} [[United States law|United States]]
| [[federal]] court system based on English common law; each [[States of the United States|state]] has its own unique legal system, of which all but one ([[Image:Flag_of_Louisiana.svg|22x20px]] [[Louisiana#Law and government|Louisiana's]]) is based on English common law
|-
줄 192 ⟶ 189:
 
==관습법==
*{{국기나라|몽골}}
{{main|관습법}}
*{{국기나라|몽골스리랑카}} [[몽골의 법]]
*{{국기나라|스리랑카}} [[스리랑카의 법]]
 
==종교법==
*{{국기나라|사우디아라비아}}
{{main|종교법}}
*{{국기나라|사우디아라비아이란}} [[사우디아라비아의 법률]]
*{{국기나라|이란수단}} [[이란의 법률]]
*{{국기나라|수단시리아}} [[수단의 법률]]
*{{국기나라|시리아바티칸}} [[시리아의 법률]]
*{{국기나라|바티칸}} [[바티칸의 법률]]
 
== 여러 법계의 성격이 혼합된 경우==
== 혼합된 시스템 ==
=== 대륙법과 영미법 ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width=150px |국가
! 설명
|-
| {{국기나라|아르헨티나}} [[아르헨티나의 법]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|보츠와나}} [[보츠와나의 법]]
| South African law (a mixed system) transferred <em>uno acto</em> through a proclamation of reception
|-
| {{국기나라|이스라엘}} [[이스라엘의 법]]
| Originally (1948) based on English common law; in the process, influenced by German civil law - for instance, between 1962 and 1981, the [[Knesset]] issued twenty (20) wide-ranging laws, which were clearly influenced by European continental law, and were in the form of codes
|
|-
| {{국기나라|레소토}} [[레소토의 법]]
| South African law (a mixed system) transferred <em>uno acto</em> through a proclamation of reception
|-
| [[Image그림:Flag_of_Louisiana.svg|22x20px]] 루이지애나주 [[루이지애나주의루이지애나 ]] ({{국기나라|미국}})
| Based on the French [[Napoleonic Code]]; the modern legal system of the state of [[Louisiana]] has its origin in the [[Louisiana Purchase]] (i.e. the sale of Louisiana - not coterminous with the present eponymous state - by Napoleon to the United States of America in 1803)
|
|-
| {{국기나라|몰타}} [[몰타의 법]]
|Initially based on [[Roman Law]] and eventually progressed to the Code de Rohan, [[Code Napoleon]] with influences from Italian Civil Law. British [[Common Law]] however is also a source of Maltese Law, most notably in [[Public Law]]
|-
| {{국기나라|모리셔스}} [[모리셔스의 법]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|나미비아}} [[나미비아의 법]]
| South African law (a mixed system) transferred <em>uno acto</em> through a proclamation of reception
|-
| {{국기나라|필리핀}} [[필리핀의 법]]
| Based on Spanish law; influenced by US common law after 1898 (victory of the US over Spain in the Spanish-American war of 1898 and session of Philippines to the US)
|
|-
| {{국기나라|푸에르토리코}} [[푸에르토리코의 법]] ({{국기나라|미국}})
| Based on Spanish law; influenced by US common law after 1898 (victory of the US over Spain in the Spanish-American war of 1898 and session of Puerto Rico to the US)
|
|-
| {{국기나라|퀘벡 주}} [[퀘벡주의 법]] ({{국기나라|캐나다}})
| After the defeat of the [[French]] in the battle at the [[Plains of Abraham]], the [[English]] allowed them to keep their language ([[French language|French]]), their religion ([[Roman Catholicism]]), and their legal system ([[civil law]]). However, [[Quebec]] being part of the Canadian Confederation means that English-based laws applied at the federal level are in effect in Quebec also.
|-
| {{국기나라|스코틀랜드}} [[스코틀랜드의 법]] ({{국기나라|영국}})
| Scotland obtained a structurally mixed system by way of its merger with [[England]] through the [[Act of Union]] in 1707. Public law and public institutions became common, but both countries retained their own private laws - England kept its common law, while Scotland kept the Scots law, of [[Roman]] and [[Dutch]] origin.
|-
| {{국기나라|세이셸}} [[세이셸의 법]]
|
|-
| {{국기나라|남아프리카 공화국}} [[남아프리카 공화국의 법]]
| An amalgam of [[English]] [[common law]] and [[Roman]]-[[Dutch]] [[civil law]]
|-
| {{국기나라|스와질란드}} [[스와질란드의 법]]
| South African law (a mixed system) transferred <em>uno acto</em> through a proclamation of reception
|-
| {{국기나라|짐바브웨}} [[짐바브웨의 법]]
| South African law (a mixed system) transferred <em>uno acto</em> through a proclamation of reception
|-
줄 266 ⟶ 257:
 
=== 대륙법과 관습법 ===
{{listdev}}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width=150px |국가
! 설명
|-
| {{국기나라|안도라}} [[Laws of Andorra|Andorra]]
| Courts apply the customary laws of Andorra, supplemented with Roman law and customary Catalan law. <ref>http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3164.htm</ref>
|}
 
==더 보기==
*[[중국의 법]]
*[[비교법]]
*[[전통적인 중국의 법]]
*[[사회주의 법]]
*[[소련의 법]]
 
== 바깥 고리 ==
줄 294 ⟶ 276:
{{법}}
 
[[분류:법|법체계]]
[[Category:Legal systems| ]]
[[Category:Law lists]]
 
[[de:Rechtssystem (Recht)]]