세계의 법계: 두 판 사이의 차이
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Gksdnf1999 (토론 | 기여) 잔글 세계의 법률 시스템을(를) 세계의 법체계(으)로 옮김 |
Gksdnf1999 (토론 | 기여) 편집 요약 없음 |
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1번째 줄:
{{정리 필요}}
[[그림:LegalSystemsOfTheWorldMap.png|thumb|right|300px|세계의
'''법체계'''(法體系) 또는 '''법계'''(法系)는 법의 체계를 구분하는 기준을 말한다. 법체계를 구분하는 기준으로는 [[법원 (법의 연원)|법원]]을 기준으로 하거나, [[인종]], 법규범의 내용, 이데올로기 등이 있지만, 일반적으로 법원을 기준으로 다음의 4개 주요 법체계로 나눈다.
*[[
*[[관습법]]
*[[종교법]]
==대륙법==
[[대륙법]]
대륙법계 국가는 대체적으로 다음 국가이다.
{| class="wikitable"
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! width=150px |국가
! 설명
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| {{국기나라|알바니아}}
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| {{국기나라|오스트리아}}
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| {{국기나라|벨기에}}
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| {{국기나라|불가리아}}
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| {{국기나라|브라질}}
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|-
| {{국기나라|칠레}}
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|-
| {{국기나라|중화인민공화국}}
| based on civil law system; derived from Soviet and continental civil code legal principles.
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| {{국기나라|콜롬비아}}
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| {{국기나라|크로아티아}}
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| {{국기나라|체코}}
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| {{국기나라|덴마크}}
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| {{국기나라|도미니카 공화국}}
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| {{국기나라|에콰도르}}
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| {{국기나라|에스토니아}}
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|-
| {{국기나라|핀란드}}
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| {{국기나라|프랑스}}
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|-
| {{국기나라|독일}}
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|-
| {{국기나라|그리스}}
| based on a [[civil code]], highly influenced by the German civil code of 1900 ([[Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch]]); the Greek civil code replaced in 1946 the [[Byzantine-Roman]] civil law in effect in Greece since its independence (Νομική Διάταξη της Ανατολικής Χέρσου Ελλάδος, Legal Provision of Eastern Mainland Greece, November 1821: 'Οι Κοινωνικοί Νόμοι των Αειμνήστων Χριστιανών Αυτοκρατόρων της Ελλάδος μόνοι ισχύουσι κατά το παρόν εις την Ανατολικήν Χέρσον Ελλάδα', 'The Social [i.e. Civil] Laws of the Dear Departed Christian Emperors of Greece [referring to the Byzantine Emperors] alone are in effect at present in Eastern Mainland Greece')
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| {{국기나라|과테말라}}
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|-
| {{국기나라|아이티}}
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|-
| {{국기나라|헝가리}}
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|-
| {{국기나라|이탈리아}}
| based on codified [[Roman law]], with elements of the [[Napoleonic civil code]].
|-
| {{국기나라|일본}}
| modeled after European civil law system with English-American influence.
|-
| {{국기나라|라트비아}}
| Largely influenced by Germany, medium influences from Russian and Soviet law.
|-
| {{국기나라|룩셈부르크}}
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|-
| {{국기나라|마카오}}
|Based on the Portuguese strand of the continental tradition, itself much influenced by Germany; also influenced by the law of the PRC
|-
| {{국기나라|멕시코}}
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| {{국기나라|네덜란드}}
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|-
| {{국기나라|노르웨이}}
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|-
| {{국기나라|파나마}}
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|-
| {{국기나라|페루}}
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|-
| {{국기나라|폴란드}}
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|-
| {{국기나라|포르투갈}}
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|-
| {{국기나라|러시아}}
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|-
| {{국기나라|슬로바키아}}
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| {{국기나라|에스파냐}}
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| {{국기나라|스웨덴}}
| As all Scandinavian legal systems, it is distinguished for its traditional character and as well as for the fact that it did not adopt elements of Roman law. It is indeed worth mentioning that it assimilated very few elements of foreign laws whatsoever. It is also interesting that the Napoleonic code had no influence in codification of law in Scandinavia. The historical basis of the law of Sweden, just as for all Nordic countries, is the Old German law. Codification of the law started in Sweden during the 18th century, preceding the codifications of most other European countries. However, neither Sweden, nor any other Nordic state created a civil code of the kind of the <em>code civil</em> or the BGB
| ▼
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| {{국기나라|스위스}}
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| {{국기나라|타이}}
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| {{국기나라|터키}}
| influenced by the Swiss civil law
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| {{국기나라|베트남}}
| [[Communism|Communist legal theory]] and [[French civil law]]
|▼
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| {{국기나라|대한민국}}
▲|
|}
==영미법==
▲{{main|영미법}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width=150px |국가
! 설명
|-
| {{국기나라|오스트레일리아}}
| based on [[English common law]]
|-
| {{국기나라|캐나다}}
| based on English common law, except in {{국기나라|Quebec}} [[Quebec]], where civil law system based on [[French law]] prevails
|-
| {{국기나라|키프로스}}
| based on English common law
|-
| {{국기나라|홍콩}}
| based on English common law
|-
| {{국기나라|인도}}
| based on English common law, separate personal law codes apply to [[Muslims]], [[Christians]], and [[Hindus]]
|-
| {{국기나라|아일랜드}}
| based on English common law
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| {{국기나라|뉴질랜드}}
| based on English common law
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| {{국기나라|파키스탄}}
| based on English Common Law, some [[Islamic Law]] applications in [[inheritance]]. [[Tribal Law]] in [[Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan|FATA]]
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| {{국기나라|싱가포르}}
| based on English common law
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| {{국기나라|영국}}
| [[English law]] (also includes [[Wales]]) and [[Northern Irish law]] is primarily common law, with early [[Roman law|Roman]] and some modern [[Continental Europe|continental]] influences. [[Scotland]] has its own unique system, [[Scots law]], based on civil law, and generally regarded as mixed
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| {{국기나라|미국}}
| [[federal]] court system based on English common law; each [[States of the United States|state]] has its own unique legal system, of which all but one ([[Image:Flag_of_Louisiana.svg|22x20px]] [[Louisiana#Law and government|Louisiana's]]) is based on English common law
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줄 192 ⟶ 189:
==관습법==
*{{국기나라|몽골}}
*{{국기나라|
==종교법==
*{{국기나라|사우디아라비아}}
*{{국기나라|
*{{국기나라|
*{{국기나라|
*{{국기나라|
== 여러 법계의 성격이 혼합된 경우==
=== 대륙법과 영미법 ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width=150px |국가
! 설명
|-
| {{국기나라|아르헨티나}}
|
|-
| {{국기나라|보츠와나}}
| South African law (a mixed system) transferred <em>uno acto</em> through a proclamation of reception
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| {{국기나라|이스라엘}}
| Originally (1948) based on English common law; in the process, influenced by German civil law - for instance, between 1962 and 1981, the [[Knesset]] issued twenty (20) wide-ranging laws, which were clearly influenced by European continental law, and were in the form of codes
|-
| {{국기나라|레소토}}
| South African law (a mixed system) transferred <em>uno acto</em> through a proclamation of reception
|-
| [[
| Based on the French [[Napoleonic Code]]; the modern legal system of the state of [[Louisiana]] has its origin in the [[Louisiana Purchase]] (i.e. the sale of Louisiana - not coterminous with the present eponymous state - by Napoleon to the United States of America in 1803)
|-
| {{국기나라|몰타}}
|Initially based on [[Roman Law]] and eventually progressed to the Code de Rohan, [[Code Napoleon]] with influences from Italian Civil Law. British [[Common Law]] however is also a source of Maltese Law, most notably in [[Public Law]]
|-
| {{국기나라|모리셔스}}
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|-
| {{국기나라|나미비아}}
| South African law (a mixed system) transferred <em>uno acto</em> through a proclamation of reception
|-
| {{국기나라|필리핀}}
| Based on Spanish law; influenced by US common law after 1898 (victory of the US over Spain in the Spanish-American war of 1898 and session of Philippines to the US)
|-
| {{국기나라|푸에르토리코}}
| Based on Spanish law; influenced by US common law after 1898 (victory of the US over Spain in the Spanish-American war of 1898 and session of Puerto Rico to the US)
|-
| {{국기나라|퀘벡 주}}
| After the defeat of the [[French]] in the battle at the [[Plains of Abraham]], the [[English]] allowed them to keep their language ([[French language|French]]), their religion ([[Roman Catholicism]]), and their legal system ([[civil law]]). However, [[Quebec]] being part of the Canadian Confederation means that English-based laws applied at the federal level are in effect in Quebec also.
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| {{국기나라|스코틀랜드}}
| Scotland obtained a structurally mixed system by way of its merger with [[England]] through the [[Act of Union]] in 1707. Public law and public institutions became common, but both countries retained their own private laws - England kept its common law, while Scotland kept the Scots law, of [[Roman]] and [[Dutch]] origin.
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| {{국기나라|세이셸}}
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| {{국기나라|남아프리카 공화국}}
| An amalgam of [[English]] [[common law]] and [[Roman]]-[[Dutch]] [[civil law]]
|-
| {{국기나라|스와질란드}}
| South African law (a mixed system) transferred <em>uno acto</em> through a proclamation of reception
|-
| {{국기나라|짐바브웨}}
| South African law (a mixed system) transferred <em>uno acto</em> through a proclamation of reception
|-
줄 266 ⟶ 257:
=== 대륙법과 관습법 ===
{| class="wikitable"
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! width=150px |국가
! 설명
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| {{국기나라|안도라}}
| Courts apply the customary laws of Andorra, supplemented with Roman law and customary Catalan law. <ref>http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3164.htm</ref>
|}
== 바깥 고리 ==
줄 294 ⟶ 276:
{{법}}
[[분류:법|법체계]]
[[de:Rechtssystem (Recht)]]
|