사용자:배우는사람/문서:Flood myth: 두 판 사이의 차이
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====Classical Antiquity====
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=====Ancient Greek flood myths=====
*[[:en:Ancient Greek flood myths|Ancient Greek flood myths]]
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[[:en:Greek mythology|Greek mythology]] describes three floods, the flood of [[:en:Ogyges|Ogyges]], the flood of [[:en:Deucalion|Deucalion]], and the flood of [[:en:Dardanus|Dardanus]]. Two of the Greek [[:en:Ages of Man|Ages of Man]] concluded with a flood: The Ogygian Deluge ended the [[:en:Silver age|Silver Age]], and the flood of Deucalion ended the [[:en:Greek Heroic Age|First Bronze Age (Heroic age)]]. In addition to these floods, Greek mythology says the world was also periodically destroyed by fire. See [[:en:Phaëton|Phaëton]].
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======Flood of Ogyges======
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| style="text-align: left;" |"Many great deluges have taken place during the nine thousand years, for that is the number of years which have elapsed since the time of which I am speaking; and during all of this time and through so many changes, there has never been any considerable accumulation of the soil coming down from the mountains, as in other places, but the earth has fallen away all round and sunk out of sight. The consequence is, that in comparison of what then was, there are remaining only the bones of the wasted body, as they may be called, as in the case of small islands, all the richer and softer parts of the soil having fallen away, and the mere skeleton of the land being left."
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| style="text-align: left;" |'''''Plato’s Critias (111b)'''''<ref>Plato’s Critias [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0180%3Atext%3DCriti.%3Asection%3D111b 111b]</ref>
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The Ogygian flood is so called because it occurred in the time of [[:en:Ogyges|Ogyges]],<ref>Entry [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D*)wgu%2Fgios Ωγύγιος] at [[:en:Liddell & Scott|Liddell & Scott]]</ref> a mythical king of [[:en:Attica|Attica]]. The name ''"Ogyges"'' and ''"Ogygian"'' is synonymous with "primeval", "primal" and "earliest dawn". Others say he was the founder and king of [[:en:Thebes (Greece)|Thebes]]. In many traditions the Ogygian flood is said to have covered the whole world and was so devastating that Attica remained without kings until the reign of [[:en:Cecrops I|Cecrops]].<ref>[[:en:Theodor Gaster|Gaster, Theodor H.]] [http://home.earthlink.net/~misaak/floods.htm#Gaster Myth, Legend, and Custom in the Old Testament], Harper & Row, New York, 1969.''</ref>
[[:en:Plato|Plato]] in his [[:en:Laws (dialogue)|Laws]], Book III,<ref>Plato, Laws, Book III, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0166%3Abook%3D3%3Apage%3D677 677a]</ref> argues that this flood had occurred
ten thousand years<ref>The [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0165%3Abook%3D3%3Apage%3D677 Greek] original text is "''μυριάκις μύρια ἔτη διελάνθανεν''", where [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dmuria%2Fs μυριάς] is the myriad or 10,000 (years)</ref> before his time, as opposed to only "one or two thousand years that have elapsed" since the discovery of music, and other inventions. Also in ''[[:en:Timaeus (dialogue)|Timaeus]]'' (22) and in ''[[:en:Critias (Plato)|Critias]]'' (111-112) he describes the "great deluge of all" as having been preceded by 9,000 years of history before the time of his contemporary [[:en:Solon|Solon]], during the [[:en:10th millennium BCE|10th millennium BCE]]. In addition, the texts report that "many great deluges have taken place during the nine thousand years" since Athens and [[:en:Atlantis|Atlantis]] were preeminent.<ref>Luce, J.V. (1971), "The End of Atlantis: New Light on an Old Legend" (Harper Collins)</ref>
======Flood of Deucalion======
The [[:en:Deucalion|Deucalion]] legend as told by the ''[[:en:Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Bibliotheca]]'' has some similarity to other [[:en:deluge myths|deluge myths]] such as the [[:en:Epic of Gilgamesh|Epic of Gilgamesh]] and the story of [[:en:Noah's Ark|Noah's Ark]]. The [[:en:Titan (mythology)|titan]] [[:en:Prometheus|Prometheus]] advised his son Deucalion to build a chest. All other men perished except for a few who escaped to high mountains. The mountains in [[:en:Thessaly|Thessaly]] were parted, and all the world beyond the Isthmus and Peloponnese was overwhelmed. Deucalion and his wife [[:en:Pyrrha|Pyrrha]], after floating in the chest for nine days and nights, landed on [[:en:Parnassus|Parnassus]]. An older version of the story told by Hellanicus has Deucalion's "ark" landing on [[:en:Mount Othrys|Mount Othrys]] in [[:en:Thessaly|Thessaly]]. Another account has him landing on a peak, probably Phouka, in [[:en:Argolis|Argolis]], later called [[:en:Nemea|Nemea]]. When the rains ceased, he sacrificed to [[:en:Zeus|Zeus]]. Then, at the bidding of Zeus, he threw stones behind him, and they became men, and the stones Pyrrha threw became women. The ''Bibliotheca'' gives this as an [[:en:etymology|etymology]] for Greek ''Laos'' "people" as derived from ''laas'' "stone".<ref>
Entry [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dla%3Das λᾶας] at [[:en:Liddell & Scott|Liddell & Scott]]</ref> The [[:en:Megarians|Megarians]] told that Megarus, son of Zeus and a Sithnid nymph, escaped Deucalion's flood by swimming to the top of Mount Gerania, guided by the cries of [[:en:Crane (bird)|cranes]].<ref>[[:en:Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Description of Greece'', 1. 40. 1</ref>
'''Flood of Deucalion from The Theogony of the ''Bibliotheca''''
According to the ''[[:en:Theogony|Theogony]]'' of the ''Bibliotheca'', Prometheus moulded men out of water and earth and gave them fire which, unknown to Zeus, he had hidden in a stalk of fennel. When Zeus learned of it, he ordered Hephaestus to nail Prometheus to Mount Caucasus, a Scythian mountain. Prometheus was nailed to the mountain and kept bound for many years. Every day an eagle swooped on him and devoured the lobes of his liver, which grew by night. That was the penalty that Prometheus paid for the theft of fire until Hercules afterwards released him.
Prometheus had a son Deucalion. He reigning in the regions about Phthia, married Pyrrha, the daughter of Epimetheus and Pandora, the first woman fashioned by the gods. And when Zeus would destroy the men of the Bronze Age, Deucalion by the advice of Prometheus constructed a chest, and having stored it with provisions he embarked in it with Pyrrha. But Zeus by pouring heavy rain from heaven flooded the greater part of Greece, so that all men were destroyed, except a few who fled to the high mountains in the neighbourhood and Peloponnesus was overwhelmed. But Deucalion, floating in the chest over the sea for nine days and as many nights, drifted to Parnassus, and there, when the rain ceased, he landed and sacrificed to Zeus, the god of Escape. And Zeus sent Hermes to him and allowed him to choose what he would, and he chose to get men.
At the bidding of Zeus he took up stones and threw them over his head, and the stones Deucalion threw became men, and the stones Pyrrha threw became women. Hence people were called metaphorically people (Laos) from laas, "a stone." And Deucalion had children by Pyrrha, first Hellen, whose father some say was Zeus, and second Amphictyon, who reigned over Attica after Cranaus, and third a daughter Protogonia, who became the mother of Aethlius by Zeus. Hellen had Dorus, Xuthus, and Aeolus by a nymph Orseis. Those who were called Greeks he named Hellenes after himself, and divided the country among his sons. Xuthus received Peloponnese and begat Achaeus and Ion by Creusa, daughter of Erechtheus, and from Achaeus and Ion the Achaeans and lonians derive their names. Dorus received the country over against Peloponnese and called the settlers Dorians after himself.
Aeolus reigned over the regions about Thessaly and named the inhabitants Aeolians. He married Enarete, daughter of Deimachus, and begat seven sons, Cretheus, Sisyphus, Athamas, Salmoneus, Deion, Magnes, Perieres, and five daughters, Canace, Alcyone, Pisidice, Calyce, Perimede. Perimede had Hippodamas and Orestes by Achelous; and Pisidice had Antiphus and Actor by Myrmidon. Alcyone was married by Ceyx, son of Lucifer. These perished by reason of their pride, for he said that his wife was Hera, and she said that her husband was Zeus. But Zeus turned them into birds; her he made a kingfisher (alcyon) and him a gannet (ceyx).
======Flood of Dardanus======
This one has the same basic story line.
According to [[:en:Dionysius of Halicarnassus|Dionysius of Halicarnassus]], [[:en:Dardanus|Dardanus]] left [[:en:Feneos|Pheneus]] in [[:en:Arcadia|Arcadia]] to colonize a land in the North-East [[:en:Aegean Sea|Aegean Sea]]. When the Dardanus' deluge occurred, the land was flooded and the mountain where he and his family survived formed the island of [[:en:Samothrace|Samothrace]]. He left Samothrace on an inflated skin to the opposite shores of [[:en:Asia Minor|Asia Minor]] and settled on [[:en:Mount Ida|Mount Ida]]. Due to the fear of another flood, they refrained from building a city and lived in the open for fifty years. His grandson [[:en:Tros (mythology)|Tros]] eventually moved from the highlands down to a large plain, on a hill that had many rivers flowing down from Ida above. There he built a city, which was named [[:en:Troy|Troy]] after him.<ref>Plato, Laws, Book III, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0166%3Abook%3D3%3Apage%3D682 682a]</ref>
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====Medieval Europe====
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