사용자:배우는사람/문서:Flood myth: 두 판 사이의 차이
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====India====
[[File:Dasavatara1.gif|thumb|right|The [[:en:Matsya|Matsya]] avatar comes to the rescue of [[:en:Manu (Hinduism)|Manu]]]]▼
*[[:en:Manu (Hinduism)|Manu]]
*[[:en:Matsya|Matsya]]
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=====Manu=====
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{{Other uses|en:Manu (disambiguation){{!}}Manu}}
[[File:Mahabharata02ramauoft 0022 19.jpg|thumb|Matsya protecting the Manu and the [[:en:Saptarishi|seven sages]] at the time of Deluge]]
▲[[File:Dasavatara1.gif|thumb|right|The [[:en:Matsya|Matsya]] avatar comes to the rescue of [[:en:Manu (Hinduism)|Manu]]]]
In some [[:en:Hindu|Hindu]] traditions, '''Manu''' is a title accorded to a [[:en:First man or woman|progenitor of humanity]]. The current period is ruled by the seventh Manu called the Vaivasvata Manu, the son of Vivasvân and his wife Samjnâ.<ref name="Creation">Raghavan, Thulasidas [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=EWlySIiGJegC&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=genealogy+of+the+7th+Manu,+Vaivasvata&source=bl&ots=NaxYsmT5pA&sig=CQxe1Rt7B0MD4g7moDycTFmwwhQ&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=y9hVUarjG-qP0QGmoIG4DQ&sqi=2&ved=0CFYQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=genealogy%20of%20the%207th%20Manu%2C%20Vaivasvata&f=false ''Creation and Dissolution of the Universe, Worlds and Life''], XLibris, 2011, p.126: "Brahma's day and night"; p.129: "The fourteen Manus of the current ''kalpa''".</ref>
Vaivasvata Manu, whose original name was Satyavrata, is the 7th Manu and considered the first king to rule this earth, who saved humanity from the [[:en:great flood|great flood]] — after being warned of it by the [[:en:Matsya|Matsya]] [[:en:avatar|avatar]] of [[:en:Vishnu|Vishnu]],<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/369611/Matsya Matsya] ''[[:en:Britannica.com|Britannica.com]]''</ref> who had also advised him to build a giant boat. The story is mentioned in early Hindu scriptures such as the ''[[:en:Satapatha Brahmana|Satapatha Brahmana]]'', and it has often been compared with the popular traditions of a [[:en:Great Deluge|Great Deluge]] from other cultures around the world,<ref>{{cite book |title=A Survey of Hinduism|author= Klaus K. Klostermaier|publisher=SUNY Press|year=2007|isbn=0-7914-7082-2 |page=97 |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=E_6-JbUiHB4C&pg=PA97&lpg=PA97&dq=the+great+flood+in+Hinduism#v=onepage&q=the%20great%20flood%20in%20Hinduism&f=false |ref= }}</ref> particularly that of [[:en:Noah's Ark|Noah's Ark]].<ref name=ency>{{cite book |title=Encyclopaedia of Hinduism: T-Z, Volume 5|author=Sunil Sehgal|publisher=Sarup & Sons|year=1999|isbn=81-7625-064-3 |page=401 |url=http://books.google.co.in/books?id=zWG64bgtf3sC&pg=PA401&dq=Noah%27s+Ark+in+Hinduism#v=onepage&q=Noah%27s%20Ark%20in%20Hinduism&f=false |ref= }}</ref> Because Manu was believed to be absolutely honest, he was initially known as ''Satyavrata'' ("One with the oath of truth"). Vaivasvata Manu ruled as King Manu.<ref name="MATSYA" /><ref name="Bhagavata Purana 8.24.12" /><ref>''Essence Of Matsya Purana.'' [http://www.kamakoti.org/kamakoti/matsya/bookview.php?chapnum=2 Chapter 2. "Brahma's boon to Satyavrata, Matysavatar, Pralaya and Srishti again"]</ref> His wife was Sraddha.<ref>Parmeshwaranand, Swami [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=SLcv-Ow6Ux4C&pg=PA637&lpg=PA637&dq=genealogy+of+Vaivasvata&source=bl&ots=uASnm4qbjO&sig=XcOOzQsVP9YY2ykpXLf7VrSzlJc&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=3DNWUY2EGfHV0gGbyIDIBg&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=genealogy%20of%20Vaivasvata&f=false ''Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Purāṇas''], p. 637.</ref>
The ''[[:en:Mahabharata|Mahabharata]]'' says:
:"And Manu was endued with great wisdom and devoted to virtue. And he became the progenitor of a line. And in Manu's race have been born all human beings, who have, therefore, been called ''Manavas''. And it is of Manu that all men including Brahmanas, Kshattriyas, and others have been descended, and are therefore all called Manavas. Subsequently, O monarch, the Brahmanas became united with the Kshattriyas. And those sons Manu that of were Brahmanas devoted themselves to the study of the Vedas. And Manu begat ten other children named [[:en:Vena (Hindu King)|Vena]], [[:en:Dhrishnu|Dhrishnu]], [[:en:Narishyan|Narishyan]], [[:en:Nabhaga|Nabhaga]], [[:en:Ikshvaku|Ikshakus]], [[:en:Karusha|Karusha]], [[:en:Saryati|Saryati]], the eighth, a daughter named [[:en:Ila (Hinduism)|Ila]],<ref>Parmeshwaranand, Swami [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=SLcv-Ow6Ux4C&pg=PA637&lpg=PA637&dq=genealogy+of+Vaivasvata&source=bl&ots=uASnm4qbjO&sig=XcOOzQsVP9YY2ykpXLf7VrSzlJc&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=3DNWUY2EGfHV0gGbyIDIBg&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=genealogy%20of%20Vaivasvata&f=false ''Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Purāṇas''], p. 638.</ref> [[:en:Prishadhru|Prishadhru]] the ninth, and [[:en:Nabhagarishta|Nabhagarishta]], the tenth. They all betook themselves to the practices of Kshattriyas. Besides these, Manu had fifty other sons on Earth. But we heard that they all perished, quarrelling with one another."<ref>[http://www.holybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/Mahabharata-VOL-1.pdf ''Mahabharata'' Book 1:Adi Parva:Sambhava Parva:Section LXXV], p. 183.</ref><ref name="Laws">[http://oaks.nvg.org/pv6bk4.html The Laws of Manu], translated by George Bühler.</ref>
'''Genealogy'''
According to the Puranas, the genealogy of Vaivasvata, the 7th Manu, is as follows:
# [[:en:Brahma|Brahma]]
# [[:en:Marichi|Marichi]], one of the 10 [[:en:Prajapati|Prajapati]]s created by Brahma.
# [[:en:Kashyapa|Kashyapa]], son of Marichi and [[:en:Kala Bo|Kala]]. Kashyapa is regarded as the father of humanity.
# [[:en:Vivasvan|Vivasvan]] or [[:en:Surya|Surya]], son of Kashyapa and [[:en:Aditi|Aditi]].
# [[:en:Vaivasvata Manu|Vaivasvata Manu]], originally [[:en:Satyavrata|Satyavrata]], son of Vivasvan (Surya) and Saṃjñā.
# [[:en:Ikshvaku|Ikshvaku]], Nabhaga, Narishyanta, Karusha, Prishadhra, Dhrishta, Sharyati, Pramshu and Nabhanedishta were the nine sons and Ila was the only daughter of Vaivasvata Manu.<ref>Misra, V.S. (2007). ''Ancient Indian Dynasties'', Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, ISBN 81-7276-413-8, p.48</ref><ref>According to Swami Parmeshwaranand ([http://books.google.com.br/books?id=SLcv-Ow6Ux4C&pg=PA637&lpg=PA637&dq=genealogy+of+Vaivasvata&source=bl&ots=uASnm4qbjO&sig=XcOOzQsVP9YY2ykpXLf7VrSzlJc&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=3DNWUY2EGfHV0gGbyIDIBg&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=genealogy%20of%20Vaivasvata&f=false ''Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Purāṇas''], p. 637), the names of the ten sons are: Iksvaku, Nrga, Saryat, Dista, Dhrsta, Karusa, Narisyanta, Nabhaga, Prsadhra and Kavi. According to Thulasidas Raghavan ([http://books.google.com.br/books?id=EWlySIiGJegC&pg=PA129&lpg=PA129&dq=genealogy+of+the+7th+Manu,+Vaivasvata&source=bl&ots=NaxYsmT5pA&sig=CQxe1Rt7B0MD4g7moDycTFmwwhQ&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=y9hVUarjG-qP0QGmoIG4DQ&sqi=2&ved=0CFYQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=genealogy%20of%20the%207th%20Manu%2C%20Vaivasvata&f=false ''Creation and Dissolution of the Universe, Worlds and Life''], p. 129), the names are: Ikshvâku, Nabhaga, Dhrshta, Saryâti, Narishyanta, Nâbhâga, Dishta, Tarusha, Prshadhra and Vâsuman.</ref>
'''The Great Deluge'''
[[File:Matsya avatar.jpg|thumb|[[:en:Matsya|Matsya]] [[:en:avatar|avatar]].]]
{{사용자:배우는사람/틀:Vaishnavism}}
According to the [[:en:Matsya Purana|Matsya Purana]], the [[:en:Matsya|Matsya]] [[:en:Avatar|Avatar]] of [[:en:Vishnu|Vishnu]] is believed to have appeared initially as a ''Shaphari'' (a small carp), to King Manu (whose original name was [[:en:Satyavrata|Satyavrata]]<ref name="Bhagavata Purana 8.24.12">''S'rîmad Bhâgavatam'' (''Bhâgavata Purâ''na)[http://www.srimadbhagavatam.org/canto8/chapter24.html Canto 8 Chapter 24 Text 12]</ref>), the then King of [[:en:Kumari Kandam|Kumari Kandam]], while he washed his hands in a river. This river was supposed to have been flowing down the [[:en:Malaya Mountains|Malaya Mountains]] in his land of [[:en:Dravida|Dravida]]. The little Fish asked the king to save Him, and out of compassion, he put it in a water jar. It kept growing bigger and bigger, until King Manu first put Him in a bigger pitcher, and then deposited Him in a well. When the well also proved insufficient for the ever-growing Fish, the King placed Him in a tank (reservoir), that was two yojanas (16 miles) in height above the surface and on land, as much in length, and a yojana (8 miles) in breadth.<ref>DRISCOLL, Ian Driscoll; KURTZ, Matthew [http://books.google.co.in/books?id=M8cJgVGd6PIC&pg=PA139&lpg=PA139#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Atlantis: Egyptian Genesis''], 2009.</ref><ref>Sacred Texts. [http://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/m03/m03186.htm Section CLXXXVI]</ref> As it grew further King Manu had to put the fish in a river, and when even the river proved insufficient he placed it in the ocean, after which it nearly filled the vast expanse of the great ocean.
It was then that He (Lord Matsya), revealing Himself, informed the King of an all-destructive deluge which would be coming very soon.<ref name="MATSYA"/><ref name="Bhagavata Purana 8.24.12"/><ref name="books.google.com"/><ref>[[:en:Matsya Purana|Matsya Purana]], Ch.I, 10-33</ref> The King built a huge boat which housed his family, 9 types of seeds, and animals to repopulate the earth, after the deluge would end and the oceans and seas would recede. At the time of [[:en:Deluge myth|deluge]], Vishnu appeared as a horned fish and [[:en:Shesha|Shesha]] appeared as a rope, with which [[:en:Vaivasvata Manu|Vaivasvata Manu]] fastened the boat to horn of the fish.<ref>Matsya Purana, Ch.II, 1-19</ref>
According to the [[:en:Matsya Purana|Matsya Purana]], his boat was perched after the deluge on the top of the Malaya Mountains<ref name="MATSYA">[http://www.vedicyagyacenter.com/vedic-scriptures-files/epic-pdf/MATSYA%20PURANA.pdf ''The Matsya Purana'']</ref><ref name="Bhagavata Purana 8.24.12"/><ref name="books.google.com">{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=IQwXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA341&lpg=PA341&dq=Malaya+Manu+Matsya|title=The story of Vedic India as embodied ... - Google Books |publisher=|date=2008-03-14 |accessdate=2010-12-08}}</ref> This narrative is to an extent similar to other [[:en:deluge (mythology)|deluge]] stories, like those of [[:en:Utnapishtim|Utnapishtim]] from ancient [[:en:Sumer|Sumer]]ian Mythology, and the story of [[:en:Noah|Noah]]'s ark from the [[:en:Bible|Bible]] <ref name=ency/> and the [[:en:Qur'an|Qur'an]].
'''Lifespan'''
"The lifespan of one Manu, is 71 [[:en:Mahayuga|Mahayuga]]s (306,720,000 years), and each Mahayuga is 4,320,000 years." ([[:en:Bhagavad Gita|Bhagavad Gita]] 8.17)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vedabase.net/bg/8/17/en |title=Bhagavad Gita Chapter 8 Verse 17 |publisher=Vedabase.net |date= |accessdate=2012-03-17}} See also timetable on [http://vishnupedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Yuga Vishnupedia.org]</ref>
"The duration of one manvantara, the lifespan of one Manu, is seventy-one Mahayugas, and each Mahayuga is 4,320,000 years". The [[:en:Vaivasvata Manu|present Manu]] has already lived for 28 Mahayugas, which is 120,960,000 years." ([[:en:Srimad Bhagavatam|Srimad Bhagavatam]] 4.30.49).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vedabase.net/sb/4/30/49/en1 |title=Srimad Bhagavatam Canto 4 Chapter 30 Verse 49 |publisher=Vedabase.net |date= |accessdate=2010-12-08}}</ref>
'''Works ascribed to Manu'''
According to tradition, [[:en:Manava Grihyasutra|Manava Grihyasutra]], [[:en:Manava Sulbasutra|Manava Sulbasutra]] and [[:en:Manava Dharmashastra|Manava Dharmashastra]] (''[[:en:Manusmriti|Manusmriti]]'' or ''rules of Manu'') texts are ascribed to Svayambhuva Manu.<ref>[http://oaks.nvg.org/pv6bk4.html The Laws of Manu]. See 63: ''These seven very glorious Manus, the first among whom is Svayambhuva, produced and protected this whole movable and immovable (creation), each during the period (allotted to him).''</ref> Manusmriti is considered by some Hindus to be the law laid down for Hindus and is seen as the most important and earliest metrical work of the [[:en:Dharmaśāstra|Dharmaśāstra]] textual tradition of Hinduism.<ref>See Flood 1996: 56 and Olivelle 2010.</ref> At the same time it is a [[:en:Smriti|Smriti]], so whenever there is a conflict between what is mentioned in it and that mentioned in [[:en:sruti|sruti]] ([[:en:Vedas|Vedas]] and [[:en:Upanishads|Upanishads]]) the latter is considered to be correct as it holds higher spiritual authority.
'''Theosophy'''
{{사용자:배우는사람/틀:Main|Manu (Theosophy)}}
In [[:en:Theosophy|Theosophy]], the "Vaivasvatu Manu" is one of the most important beings at the highest levels of [[:en:Initiation (Theosophy)|Initiation]] of the [[:en:Masters of the Ancient Wisdom|Masters of the Ancient Wisdom]], along with [[:en:Sanat Kumara|Sanat Kumara]], [[:en:Gautama Buddha|Gautama Buddha]], [[:en:Maitreya (Theosophy)|Maitreya]], the [[:en:Maha Chohan|Maha Chohan]], and [[:en:Djwal Khul|Djwal Khul]]. According to Theosophy, each [[:en:root race|root race]] has its own ''Manu'' which physically [[:en:Reincarnation|incarnates]] in an advanced body of an individual of the old root race and physically progenerates with a suitable female partner the first individuals of the new root race.
'''Modern literature'''
In the [[:en:Victor Hugo|Victor Hugo]] novel, ''[[:en:The Hunchback of Notre Dame|The Hunchback of Notre Dame]]'', [[:en:Claude Frollo|Claude Frollo]] is seen to be studying Manu's works in his study of [[:en:alchemy|alchemy]].
'''See also'''
*[[:en:Metrics of time in Hinduism|Metrics of time in Hinduism]]
*[[:en:Manu Smriti|Manu Smriti]] (Laws of Manu)
*[[:en:Mannus|Mannus]], ancestral figure in [[:en:Germanic mythology|Germanic mythology]]
*[[:en:Manvantara|Manvantara]]
*[[:en:Ziusudra|Ziusudra]] (Sumer)
''' Bibliography '''
*{{cite book |last=Flood |first=Gavin |:en:authorlink= |coauthors= |title=[http://books.google.com.br/books?id=KpIWhKnYmF0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Flood,+Gavin+%281996%29.+An+Introduction+to+Hinduism.&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=7xVWUZnvNoiD0QHbnYHACw&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAA An Introduction to Hinduism] |year=1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn= 0-521-43878-0}}
*Olivelle, Patrick. [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=MtuhClbfL7EC&pg=PA39&lpg=PA39&dq=Olivelle+.+%22Dharmasastra:+a+textual+history%22&source=bl&ots=hmo6-6W4kp&sig=VgT8TCOX6-efbMsQlo4pBuujGuw&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=BhNWUdKABsWa0QGKp4HgCw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Olivelle%20.%20%22Dharmasastra%3A%20a%20textual%20history%22&f=false "Dharmasastra: A textual history".] In Lubin et al. (ed). ''Hinduism and Law: An Introduction''. Cambridge University Press, 2010.
'''External links'''
* [http://vaniquotes.org/wiki/Category:Manu Manu in Vedic scripture]
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=====Matsya=====
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