맨해튼 계획: 두 판 사이의 차이

핵분열을 이용한 폭탄 제조에 대한 이론적 기반이 완성될 무렵, 버클리의 물리학자들은 [[핵융합]]을 통해 [[중수소]]를 [[삼중수소]]로 변환하는 과정에서 강력한 에너지가 발생할 수 있다는 것을 발견하였다. 그들은 이것을 "슈퍼 원자 폭탄"이라 불렀는데, 이 이론은 전쟁 이후 [[수소 폭탄]]으로 현실화되었다.<ref>{{harvnb|Rhodes|1986|p=417}}.</ref> 당시에 테일러는 핵융합 폭탄을 계속하여 기획하였지만 베스는 이를 번번히 거절하였고, 결국 핵분열을 이용한 원자 폭탄을 제작하기로 결정하였다.<ref>{{harvnb|Hoddeson|Henriksen|Meade|Westfall|1993|pp=44–45}}.</ref> 한편, 테일러는 원자 폭탄의 폭발을 기폭제로 하여 [[질소]] [[원자핵|핵]]의 핵융합 반응을 이끌 수 있다고 주장하였다.<ref>{{harvnb|Bethe|1991|p=30}}.</ref> 베스는 그런 일이 일어날 수 없다고 보았고<ref>{{harvnb|Rhodes|1986|p=419}}.</ref>, "자가 증식하는 핵 연쇄 반응은 시작될 수 없다"고 보고하였다.<ref>{{서적 인용 |authorlink=:en:Emil Konopinski |last=Konopinski |first=E. J |first2=C. |last2=Marvin |first3=Edward |last3=Teller |authorlink3=Edward Teller |제목=Ignition of the Atmosphere with Nuclear Bombs |issue=LA-602 | institution=Los Alamos National Laboratory |url=http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00329010.pdf |format=PDF |date=1946, declassified February 1973 |accessdate=2008-11-23|ref-harv}}</ref> 실제 수소 폭탄은 1952년에 처음으로 제작되었다.

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Bernstein |first=Barton J. |제목=The Uneasy Alliance: Roosevelt, Churchill, and the Atomic Bomb, 1940–1945 |publisher=University of Utah |date=June 1976 |journal=The Western Political Quarterly |pages=202–230 |volume= 29 |issue= 2 |accessdate=2010-10-29 |jstor=448105 }}

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* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Frisch |first=David H. |제목=Scientists and the Decision to Bomb Japan |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |volume= 26 |issue= 6 | pages=pp. 107–115 | publisher=Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science| date=June 1970}}

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Gilbert |first=Keith V. |제목=History of the Dayton Project |publisher=Mound Laboratory, Atomic Energy Commission |location=Miamisburg, Ohio |year=1969 |url=http://www.eecap.org/PDF/Dayton_Project/History/HISTORY_OF_THE_DAYTON_PROJECT.pdf |accessdate=2011-07-21 |oclc=650540359 }}

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Gosling |first=Francis George |제목=The Manhattan Project : Making the Atomic Bomb |year=1994 |location=Washington, DC |publisher=United States Department of Energy, History Division |oclc=637052193 }}

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Gowing |first=Margaret|제목=Britain and Atomic Energy, 1935–1945 |year=1964 |location=London |publisher=Macmillan Publishing |oclc=3195209 }}

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Hewlett |first=Richard G.|last2=Anderson |first2=Oscar E. |제목=The New World, 1939–1946 |location=University Park|publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press |year=1962 |isbn=0-520-07186-7|oclc=637004643 }}

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Hewlett |first=Richard G. |last2=Duncan |first2=Francis |제목=Atomic Shield, 1947–1952 |series=A History of the United States Atomic Energy Commission |publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press |location=University Park|year=1969 |isbn=0-520-07187-5|oclc=3717478 }}

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Holloway |first=David |제목=Stalin and the Bomb: The Soviet Union and Atomic Energy, 1939–1956 |location=New Haven, Connecticut |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1994 |isbn=0-300-06056-4|oclc=29911222 }}

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* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|editor-last=Ahnfeldt|editor-first=Arnold Lorentz |제목 =Radiology in World War II |publisher=Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army |location=Washington, D.C. |year=1966 |oclc=630225 }}

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Baker |first=Richard D. |last2=Hecker |first2=Siegfried S. |last3=Harbur |first3=Delbert R.|제목=Plutonium: A Wartime Nightmare but a Metallurgist's Dream |url=http://library.lanl.gov/cgi-bin/getfile?07-16.pdf |journal=Los Alamos Science |issue=Winter/Spring |year=1983 |publisher=Los Alamos National Laboratory |pages=142–151 |accessdate=2010-11-22 }}

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Hanford Cultural Resources Program |first=U.S. Department of Energy |year=2002 |publisher=Hanford Site Historic District |제목=History of the Plutonium Production Facilities, 1943–1990 |location=Richland, Washington |oclc=52282810 }}

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Hansen |first=Chuck |series=Swords of Armageddon: US Nuclear Weapons Development since 1945 |제목=Volume I: The Development of US Nuclear Weapons |location=Sunnyvale, California |publisher=Chukelea Publications |year= 1995a |isbn=978-0-9791915-1-0|oclc=231585284 }}

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Hansen |first=Chuck |series=Swords of Armageddon: US Nuclear Weapons Development since 1945 |제목=Volume V: US Nuclear Weapons Histories |location=Sunnyvale, California |publisher=Chukelea Publications |year= 1995b |isbn=978-0-9791915-0-3|oclc=231585284 }}

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* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Home |first=R. W. |last2=Low |first2=Morris F. |제목=Postwar Scientic Intelligence Missions to Japan |journal=Isis |volume= 84 |issue= 3 |date=September 1993 |pages=pp. 527–537 |publisher=University of Chicago Press on behalf of History of Science Society |jstor=235645 |accessdate=2010-06-11 }}

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Ruhoff |first=John |last2=Fain |first2=Pat |제목=The First Fifty Critical days |publisher=Mallinckrodt Incorporated |location=St. Louis |date=June 1962 |journal=Mallinckrodt Uranium Division News |volume=Vol. 7 |issue=Nos 3 and 4 |accessdate=2010-10-30 |url=http://www.mphpa.org/classic/CP/Mallinckrodt/Pages/MALK_Gallery_01.htm }}

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* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Smyth |first=Henry DeWolf |제목=[[스미스 리포트|Atomic Energy for Military Purposes: the Official Report on the Development of the Atomic Bomb under the Auspices of the United States Government, 1940–1945]] |location=Princeton, New Jersey |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1945 |oclc=770285 }}

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Thayer |first=Harry |제목=Management of the Hanford Engineer Works In World War II: How the Corps, DuPont and the Metallurgical Laboratory Fast Tracked the Original Plutonium Works |publisher=American Society of Civil Engineers Press |location= New York |year=1996 |isbn=0-7844-0160-8|oclc=34323402 }}

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Waltham |first=Chris |제목=An Early History of Heavy Water |publisher=Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia |date=20 June 2002 |accessdate=2010-10-30|url=http://www.physics.ubc.ca/~waltham/pubs/d2o_19.pdf }}

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Weinberg |first=Alvin M.|제목=Impact of Large-Scale Science on the United States |journal=Science, New Series |volume= 134 |issue= 3473 |date=21 July 1961 |pages=pp. 161–164 |publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science |jstor=1708292 |accessdate=2011-07-17}}

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Bethe |first=Hans A.|제목=The Road from Los Alamos |location=New York |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=1991 |isbn=0-671-74012-1|oclc=22661282 }}

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Goudsmit |first=Samuel A. |제목=Alsos |publisher=Henry Schuman |year=1947 |location=New York |isbn=0-938228-09-9|oclc=8805725 |ref=harv }}

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Groves|first=Leslie |제목=Now it Can be Told: The Story of the Manhattan Project |location=New York |publisher=Harper & Row |year=1962 |isbn=0-306-70738-1|oclc=537684 }}

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Libby|first=Leona Marshall|제목=Uranium People |location=New York |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |year=1979 |ISBN=0-684-16242-3 |oclc=4665032}}

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Nichols |first=Kenneth David |제목=The Road to Trinity: A Personal Account of How America's Nuclear Policies Were Made |location=New York |publisher=William Morrow and Company |year= 1987|isbn=0-688-06910-X|oclc=15223648 }}

* {{서적 인용| 꺽쇠표=1|last=Ulam|first=Stanisław|제목=Adventures of a Mathematician |location=New York |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |year=1983 |ISBN=0-520-07154-9 |oclc= 1528346}}