콜롬비아 분쟁: 두 판 사이의 차이

* 로스 파이사스<ref>{{cite웹 web인용|url=http://www.insightcrime.org/groups-colombia/paisas|title = Los Paisas|publisher = insightcrime.org|accessdate=February 1, 2014}}</ref>

* [[페드로 올리베리오 구에레로|ERPAC]]<ref>{{cite웹 web인용|url=http://www.elespectador.com/impreso/nacional/articuloimpreso96022-erpac-dolor-de-cabeza-de-uribe|title=Erpac, dolor de cabeza de Uribe|work=ElEspectador|accessdate=October 14, 2014}}</ref>

{{국기나라|베네수엘라}}<ref>{{cite웹 web인용|url=http://infovenezuela.org/news/hugo-chavez-farc-terrorism-30042009.php|title=Venezuela's relations with terrorism and FARC exposed|publisher=Infovenezuela.org|accessdate=October 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite뉴스 news인용|last=Martinez|first=Michael|title=Study: Colombian rebels were willing to kill for Venezuela's Chavez|url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/americas/05/10/venezuela.farc.documents/index.html|accessdate=April 21, 2014|newspaper=CNN|date=May 10, 2011}}</ref><ref name=USATODAYfarc>{{cite뉴스 news인용|title=Colombia: Chavez funding FARC rebels|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2008-03-02-venezuelacolombia_N.htm?csp=34|accessdate=April 21, 2014|newspaper=USA Today|date=March 4, 2008}}</ref><ref name="Padgett">{{cite뉴스 news인용|last=Padgett|first=Tim|title=Chávez and the Cash-Filled Suitcase|url=http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1838145,00.html|accessdate=March 28, 2014|newspaper=TIME|date=September 3, 2008}}</ref><br/>

[[비센테 카스타뇨]]<ref>{{cite웹 web인용|title=Vicente Castaño, muerto|url=http://www.cambio.com.co/portadacambio/740/ARTICULO-WEB-NOTA_INTERIOR_CAMBIO-3710032.html|publisher=Cambio|accessdate=September 18, 2012}}</ref><br />

|병력1 = [[콜롬비아 국가경찰|국가경찰]]: 175,250<ref name="Military Personnel">{{cite웹 web인용|url= http://www.mindefensa.gov.co/irj/go/km/docs/Mindefensa/Documentos/descargas/estudios%20sectoriales/info_estadistica/Logros_Sector_Defensa.pdf |title= Military Personnel, 2013|language= es|publisher = mindefensa.gov.co|accessdate = 22 March 2014}}</ref><br/>[[콜롬비아 육군|육군]]: 237,567<ref name="Military Personnel"/> <br/>[[콜롬비아 해군|해군]]: 33,913<ref name="Military Personnel"/> <br/> [[콜롬비아 공군|공군]]: 14,033<ref name="Military Personnel"/>

|병력2 = 3,749 – 13,000<ref>{{cite뉴스 news인용| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-11274221 |work=BBC News | title=New armed drug-trafficking groups menace Colombia | date=2010-09-12}}</ref><ref name="HRW-World-Report-2011">''[[Human Rights Watch]]'', "[http://www.hrw.org/en/world-report-2011/world-report-2011-colombia World Report 2011: Colombia]", ''World Report 2011'', January 2011</ref><ref>{{cite웹 web인용|url=http://colombiareports.com/colombia-news/news/11824-5000-demobilized-found-job-10000-rearmed-report.html |title=10,000 demobilized fighters rearm – Colombia news |publisher=Colombia Reports |date=September 14, 2010 |accessdate=October 18, 2011}}</ref>

|병력3 =[[파일:Flag_of_the_FARC-EP.svg|22px]] 7,000 – 10,000 (2013)<ref>{{cite뉴스 news인용| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-23394408 | work=BBC News | title=Colombian soldiers die in clashes | date=July 21, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite뉴스 news인용| url=http://www.economist.com/news/americas/21584384-hiccup-serves-confirm-government-and-farc-are-making-progress-edge-and | work=The Economist | title=To the edge and back again | date=August 31, 2013}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated5>{{cite웹 web인용|url= http://www.eltiempo.com/justicia/desmovilizacion-principal-arma-contra-las-guerrillas_13077339-4 |title= Desmovilización, principal arma contra las guerrillas|publisher= eltiempo.com|language=Spanish|accessdate=September 27, 2013}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated3>{{cite웹 web인용|url= http://colombiareports.co/colombia-army-claims-farc-eln-lost-5-thousand-guerrillas-past-two-years/ |title= Colombia army claims guerrillas have lost 5000 fighters in past 2 years|publisher= colombiareports.co|accessdate=September 27, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite웹 web인용|url= http://www.mindefensa.gov.co/irj/go/km/docs/documents/News/NoticiaGrandeMDN/602f69a4-7f07-3110-6cae-bc48b6e8a47e.xml |title= Comandantes de Fuerza presentaron resultados operacionales de los últimos 2 años |publisher= mindefensa.gov.co|language=Spanish|accessdate=September 27, 2013}}</ref><br/>

[[파일:Flag_of_ELN.svg|22px]]: 1,380 – 3,000 (2013)<ref name=autogenerated5 /><ref name=autogenerated3 /><ref>{{cite뉴스 news인용| url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/10/18/us-colombia-rebels-oil-idUSBRE99H16T20131018 | work=Reuters | title=Colombia's ELN rebels release oil workers after brief capture -police | date=October 18, 2013}}</ref> <br/>

(2004년 이후)<br />11,484 명 사망<ref name="Military Personnel"/> <br/> 26,648 명 해산<ref name="eltiempo.com">{{cite웹 web인용|url= http://www.eltiempo.com/justicia/desmovilizacion-principal-arma-contra-las-guerrillas_13077339-4 |title= Desmovilización, principal arma contra las guerrillas|publisher= eltiempo.com|language=Spanish|accessdate=September 26, 2013}}</ref> <br/> 34,065 명 포로<ref name="Military Personnel"/>

'''콜롬비아 분쟁'''({{llang|es|Conflicto en Colombia}})은 1964년 또는 1966년부터 시작되어 현재까지 진행 중인 [[콜롬비아 정부]], [[콜롬비아의 준군사조직|준군사조직]], [[콜롬비아의 마약 유통|범죄조직]], [[콜롬비아의 유격대|좌익 유격대]]가 콜롬비아 영토 내에서 각자의 영향력을 확대시키기 위해 항쟁하는 [[저강도 분쟁|저강도]] [[비대칭 전쟁]]이다.<ref name="crisisgroup.org">{{cite웹 web인용|url=http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/latin-america-caribbean/andes/colombia/011-war-and-drugs-in-colombia.aspx?alt_lang=es|title=War and Drugs in Colombia - International Crisis Group|publisher=Crisisgroup.org|accessdate=October 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite웹 web인용|url=http://blog.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/07/10/daniel_loco_barrera_barrera_colombia_s_last_drug_lord_extradited_to_new_york|title='Loco,' Colombia's Last Drug Lord, Extradited to New York|date=July 10, 2013|work=Foreign Policy|accessdate=October 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite웹 web인용|url=http://www.insightcrime.org/news-analysis/colombia-bacrim-paramilitary-cartels-nuevo-arco-iris|title=Neo-Paramilitary Groups Consolidating in Colombia: Report|publisher=Insightcrime.org|accessdate=October 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite웹 web인용|url=http://colombiareports.co/neo-paramilitaries-have-no-political-agenda-govt/|title=Neo-paramilitaries do not deserve political status: Govt|work=Colombia News - Colombia Reports|accessdate=October 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite웹 web인용|url=http://colombiareports.co/tag/armed-conflict/|title=armed conflict Archives - Colombia News - Colombia Reports|work=Colombia News - Colombia Reports|accessdate=October 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite웹 web인용|url=http://colombiareports.co/tag/peace-talks-2/|title=peace talks Archives - Colombia News - Colombia Reports|work=Colombia News - Colombia Reports|accessdate=October 14, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite웹 web인용|url=http://www.shoah.org.uk/2012/10/26/the-colombian-war-on-drugs-a-family-affair/|title=The Colombian "War on Drugs", A Family Affair - SHOAH|publisher=Shoah.org|accessdate=October 14, 2014}}</ref>

콜롬비아 분쟁은 1948년 대중주의 정치가 [[호르헤 엘리에세르 가이탄]]이 암살당하면서 촉발된 [[라 뵤를렌샤]] 분쟁 및<ref name="beyond-bogota-timeline">{{cite서적 book인용|title=Beyond Bogota: Diary of a Drug War Journalist|author=Garry Leech|publisher=Beacon Press|location=Boston, MA|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8070-6148-0|pages=242–247}}</ref> 그 이후 [[미국]]의 지원을 받은 [[반공주의]]적 억압이 1960년대 콜롬비아 농촌지역에 가해지면서 [[콜롬비아 자유당|자유당]] 및 [[콜롬비아 공산당|공산당]]의 열성분자들이 [[콜롬비아 무장혁명군|FARC]]로 재조직된 과정에 그 뿌리를 두고 있다.<ref name="americas-other-war-57">{{cite서적 book인용|title=Colombia and the United States: war, unrest, and destabilization|author1=Mario A. Murillo|author2=Jesús Rey Avirama|publisher=Seven Stories Press|isbn=978-1-58322-606-3|year=2004|url=http://books.google.com/?id=EdhCanqQN8kC&pg=PA57&dq=%22la+violencia%22+colombia+united+states&q=%22la%20violencia%22%20colombia%20united%20states|page=57}}</ref>

분쟁에 참여하는 이유는 각 집단마다 제각각이다. FARC를 비롯한 좌익 유격대는 콜롬비아의 빈자들의 권리를 수호하고 그들을 정부의 폭력에서 보호하며 [[공산주의]]를 통해 [[사회정의]]를 바로세우기 위해 싸운다고 주장한다.<ref name=FARC2008MarulandaCommunique>{{cite web웹 인용| title=Farc-EP confirma muerte de Marulanda a través de un comunicado | publisher=[[Rebelion.org]] | url=http://www.rebelion.org/noticia.php?id=67904 | date = 2008-05-26 | accessdate = 2010-07-26}}</ref> 콜롬비아 정부는 질서와 안정을 지키고 시민들의 권리와 이해를 보장하기 위해 싸운다고 주장한다. [[콜롬비아의 준군사조직|우익 준군사조직]]들은 좌익 유격활동으로 인한 위험에 대응하기 위해 싸운다고 주장한다.<ref name='icdc.com'>{{cite web웹 인용| url = http://www.icdc.com/~paulwolf/colombia/counterinsurgency.htm | title = War on Drugs and Human Rights in Colombia | accessdate = 2010-11-09}}{{Dead link|date=June 2015}}</ref> 좌익 유격대와 우익 준군사조직 모두 [[마약 밀매]] 및 [[테러리즘]] 혐의를 받고 있으며, 이 분쟁에 참여하고 있는 모든 세력은 셀 수 없이 많은 인권 침해를 저질렀다.

콜롬비아 국립역사기념센터의 연구에 따르면 1958년에서 2013년 사이에 이 분쟁으로 220,000 여명이 죽었으며 그 중 177,307 명이 민간인이고 전투원은 40,787 명에 불과했다. 또 1985년에서 2012년 사이에 5백만 명 이상의 민간인이 삶의 터전을 버리고 난민 신세가 되어 세계에서 두 번째로 많은 [[국내실향민]] 집단을 형성하였다.<ref name=" estadisticas ">{{cite web웹 인용| url = http://www.centrodememoriahistorica.gov.co/micrositios/informeGeneral/estadisticas.html | title = Informe ¡Basta Ya! Colombia: memorias de guerra y dignidad: Estadísticas del conflicto armado en Colombia}}</ref><ref name="Enough Already!">{{cite웹 web인용|title= "Enough Already!" Colombia: Memories of War and Dignity.|author= Historical Memory Group|publisher= The National Center for Historical Memory’s (NCHM)|year= 2013|ISBN = 978-958-57608-4-4|url= http://www.centrodememoriahistorica.gov.co/descargas/informes2013/bastaYa/bastaya-colombia-memorias-de-guerra-y-dignidad-2015.pdf|language= Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{cite뉴스 news인용|title=Report says 220,000 died in Colombia conflict|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/americas/2013/07/201372511122146399.html|newspaper=Al Jazeera|date=25 July 2013}}</ref>

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