다카쿠라 천황: 두 판 사이의 차이

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새 문서: '''타카쿠라 천황''' (高倉天皇 11611181)은 일본의 80대 천황( 재위: 1168 ~ 1180)이였다. 그의 개인이름은 노리히토 신노 (憲...
 
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타카쿠라는 고시라카와 천화의 4남으로 그의 전임자 로쿠주 천황의 숙부였다.
그의 어머니는 황후 타이라노 시게코로 타이라노 토키코의 동생이였는데 그는 타이라노 키요모리의 아내였다. 그의 황후는 타이라노 토쿠코로 후에 켄레이 황후가 되었다. 그녀는 타이라노 기요모리의 딸이였다.
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* Empress consort: Taira no Tokuko (平徳子) - later [[Kenrei-mon In]]
** Imperial Prince Tokihito (言仁親王) - later [[Emperor Antoku]]
* Shichijō-in (七条院), Bōmon Shokushi [or Fujiwara no Shokushi] (坊門殖子, 藤原殖子)
** Second son: Imperial Prince Morisada (守貞親王) - later Go-Takakura In (後高倉院)
*** Third son of Prince Morisada: Imperial Prince Toyohito (茂仁親王) - later [[Emperor Go-Horikawa]]
** Fourth son: Imperial Prince Takahira (尊成親王) - later [[Emperor Go-Toba]]
* Lady of Rokujō (六条局), Konoe Michiko/Tsūshi (近衛通子)
* Court Lady Azechi? (按察典侍), Horikawa Toyoko? (堀河豊子)
** Third daughter: Imperial Princess Kiyoko (潔子内親王) - [[Saikū|Saigū]] of [[Ise Shrine|Ise]]
* Court Lady Shōshō (少将内侍), Taira no Noriko (平範子)
** Third son: Imperial Prince Koreaki ([[:ja:惟明親王|惟明親王]]) (1172-1121), later Imperial Prince and Monk Shōen (聖円入道親王)
* Lady of Sochi (帥局), daughter of Fujiwara no Kimishige (藤原公重) - former nanny of Takakura
** First daughter: Imperial Princess Isako (功子内親王) - Saigū of Ise
* Lady of Kogō (小督局), daughter of Fujiwara no Shigenori (藤原成範)
** Second daughter: Imperial Princess Hanshi/Noriko (範子内親王), Empress Dowager Bō (坊門院)
 
비록 타카쿠라는 공식적으로 즉위하였지만 그의 주변의 실제는 황제의 부황과 장인에의해장인에 의해 조정되었다.
==Events of Takakura's life ==
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비록 타카쿠라는 공식적으로 즉위하였지만 그의 주변의 실제는 황제의 부황과 장인에의해 조정되었다.
 
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* '''''[[Nin'an]] 3''''', on the 19th day of the 2nd month ([[1168]]): In the 3rd year of Rokujō''-tennō'''s reign (六条天皇3年), the emperor was deposed by his grandfather, and the succession (‘‘senso’’) was received by his cousin, the third son of the retired-Emperor Go-Shirakawa.<ref>Brown, p. 330; Varley, p. 44. [A distinct act of ''senso'' is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have ''senso'' and ''sokui'' in the same year until the reign of Go-Murakami.]</ref>
* '''''Nin'an 3''''', on the 19th day of the 2nd month ([[1168]]): Emperor Takakura is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’), and he is proclaimed emperor.<ref>Titsingh, p. 195; Varley, p. 44.</ref>
 
Takakura had his own views on the role of Emperor. He is said to have written:
:"The Emperor is a ship. His subjects are water. The water enables a ship to float well, but sometimes the vessel is capsized by it. His subjects can sustain an Emperor well, but sometimes they overthrow him."<ref>Kitagawa, Hiroshi ''et al.'' (1975). ''The Tale of the Heike'', p. 220.</ref>
 
The ex-Emperor Go-Shirakawa, who was the Emperor's father, exercised the powers attendant the well-settled patterns of [[cloistered rule]]. [[Taira no Kiyomori]], who was the father of the Empress, did whatever he pleased as ''[[de facto]]'' Regent.
 
* '''''[[Jōan (era)|Jōan]] 2''''', 10th day of the 2nd month ([[1172]]): Taira Kiyomori’s daughter, Tokuko, becomes Emperor Takakura’s consort.<ref>Kitagawa, p. 783.</ref>
 
* '''''[[Jishō]] gannen''''' or '''''Jishō 1''''', on the 28th day of the 4th month ([[1177]]): A great fire in the capital was spread by high winds; and the palace was reduced to cinders.<ref>Titsingh, p. 198.</ref>
* '''''Jishō 2''''', on the 12th day of the 11th month ([[1178]]): Takakura's consort, Taira-no Tokuko, gave birth to a son. Kiyuomori, the father of the Empress, rejoiced; and all the officers of the court congratulated the parents. In the next month, this infant was declared heir to Emperor Takakura.<ref>Titsingh, p. 199.</ref>
* '''''Jisho 4''''', 21st day of the 2nd month ([[1180]]): Emperor Takakura abdicates.<ref name="k784">Kitagawa, p. 784.</ref>
* '''''Jisho 4''''', 22nd day of the 4th month ([[1180]]): Emperor Antoku’s cornonation ceremony.<ref name="k784">[see above]</ref>
* '''''Jisho 4''''', 2nd day of the 6th month ([[1180]]): Former-[[emperor Go-Shirakawa]]-in, former-emperor Takakura-in and Emperor Antoku leave [[Kyoto]] for Fukuhara.<ref name="k784">[see above]</ref>
* '''''Jisho 4''''', 26th day of the 11th month ([[1180]]): The capital is moved back to Kyoto from Fukuhara.<ref name="k784">[see above]</ref>
* '''''Jisho 4''''' ([[1180]]): A devastating [[whirlwind]] causes havoc in [[Heian-kyo]], the capital.<ref>Kamo no Chōmei. (1212). ''Hōjōki.''</ref>
* '''''Jisho 5''''', 14th day of the 1st month ([[1181]]): Emperor Takakura dies.<ref name="k784">[see above]</ref>
 
Soon after the birth of Takakura's son, Tokihito''-shinnō,'' the Emperor was pressured to abdicate in favor of that newborn son. The one-year-old infant would become [[Emperor Antoku]].
 
====''Kugyō''====
''Kugyō'' (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the [[Emperor of Japan]] in pre-[[Meiji period|Meiji]] eras.
 
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Takakura's reign, this apex of the ''[[Daijō-kan]]'' included:
* ''[[Sesshō]]'', Matsu Motofusa, 1144-1230.<ref name="b331">Brown, p. 331.</ref>
* ''[[Kampaku]]'', [[Konoe Motomichi]], 1160-1233.<ref name="b331">[see above]</ref>
* ''[[Daijō-daijin]]'', Fujiwara Tadamasa.<ref name="b331">[see above]</ref>
* ''[[Daijō-daijin]]'', Fujiwara Moronaga, 1137-1192.<ref name="b331">[see above]</ref>
* ''[[Sadaijin]]'', Ōimikado Tsunemune, 1119-1189.<ref name="b331">[see above]</ref>
* ''[[Udaijin]]'', [[Kujō Kanezane]], 1149-1207.<ref name="b331">[see above]</ref>
* ''[[Nadaijin]]'', [[Konoe Motomichi]].<ref name="b331">[see above]</ref>
* ''[[Nadaijin]]'', Minamoto Masamichi, d. 1175.<ref name="b331">[see above]</ref>
* ''[[Nadaijin]]'', Taira Shigemori, 1138-1179.<ref>Brown, p. 332.</ref>
* ''[[Dainagon]]''
 
==Eras of Takakura's reign==
The years of Takakura's reign are more specifically identified by more than one [[Japanese era names| era name]] or ''[[nengō]]''.<ref>Titsingh, p. 195-200; Brown, pp. 330-331.</ref>
* ''[[Nin'an]]'' (1166-1169)
* ''[[Kaō (era) |Kaō]]'' (1169-1171)
* ''[[Jōan (era)|Jōan]]'' (1171-1175)
* ''[[Angen]]'' (1175-1177)
* ''[[Jishō]]'' (1177-1181)
 
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{{역대 천황}}
[[Category분류:일본의 군주]]
[[Category분류:1161년 태어남]]
[[Category분류:1181년 죽음]]
 
[[de:Takakura]]