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On Earth, elemental sulfur can be found near [[hot spring]]s and [[volcanic]] regions in many parts of the world, especially along the [[Pacific Ring of Fire]]; such volcanic deposits are currently mined in Indonesia, Chile, and Japan. Such deposits are polycrystalline, with the largest documented single crystal measuring 22×16×11 cm.<ref>{{저널 인용| url = http://www.minsocam.org/ammin/AM66/AM66_885.pdf| journal = American Mineralogist| volume = 66| pages = 885–907| date= 1981| title= The largest crystals| last = Rickwood|first = P. C.}}</ref> Historically, [[Sicily]] was a large source of sulfur in the [[Industrial Revolution]].<ref>{{서적 인용|last=Kutney|first=Gerald|title=Sulfur: history, technology, applications & industry|date=2007|publisher=ChemTec Publications|location=Toronto|isbn=978-1-895198-37-9|oclc=79256100|page=43}}</ref>
Native sulfur is synthesised by [[anaerobic bacteria]] acting on [[sulfate minerals]] such as [[gypsum]] in [[salt domes]].<ref>Klein, Cornelis and Cornelius S. Hurlbut, Jr., ''Manual of Mineralogy,'' Wiley, 1985, 20th ed., p. 265-6 {{ISBN
Common naturally occurring sulfur compounds include the [[Mineral#Sulfide class|sulfide minerals]], such as [[pyrite]] (iron sulfide), [[cinnabar]] (mercury sulfide), [[galena]] (lead sulfide), [[sphalerite]] (zinc sulfide) and [[stibnite]] (antimony sulfide); and the sulfates, such as [[gypsum]] (calcium sulfate), [[alunite]] (potassium aluminium sulfate), and [[barite]] (barium sulfate). On Earth, just as upon Jupiter's moon Io, elemental sulfur occurs naturally in volcanic emissions, including emissions from [[hydrothermal vent]]s.
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===Sulfides===
Treatment of sulfur with hydrogen gives [[hydrogen sulfide]]. When dissolved in water, hydrogen sulfide is mildly acidic:<ref name=Greenwd>Greenwood, N. N.; & Earnshaw, A. (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.), Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. {{ISBN
:H<sub>2</sub>S {{eqm}} HS<sup>−</sup> + H<sup>+</sup>
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===Metal sulfides===
{{본문|Sulfide mineral}}
The principal ores of copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, molybdenum, and other metals are sulfides. These materials tend to be dark-colored [[semiconductor]]s that are not readily attacked by water or even many acids. They are formed, both [[Geochemical cycle|geochemically]] and in the laboratory, by the reaction of hydrogen sulfide with metal salts. The mineral [[galena]] (PbS) was the first demonstrated semiconductor and was used as a signal [[rectifier]] in the [[Cat's-whisker detector|cat's whiskers]] of early [[crystal radio]]s. The iron sulfide called [[pyrite]], the so-called "fool's gold," has the formula FeS<sub>2</sub>.<ref>Vaughan, D. J.; Craig, J. R. "Mineral Chemistry of Metal Sulfides" Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1978) {{ISBN
===Organic compounds===
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</gallery>
Some of the main classes of sulfur-containing organic compounds include the following:<ref name=Cremlyn>Cremlyn R. J.; "An Introduction to Organosulfur Chemistry" John Wiley and Sons: Chichester (1996). {{ISBN
* [[Thiol]]s or mercaptans (so called because they capture mercury as [[Chelation|chelators]]) are the sulfur analogs of [[alcohol]]s; treatment of thiols with base gives [[thiolate]] ions.
* [[Thioether]]s are the sulfur analogs of [[ether]]s.
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[[파일:MODOAzufre.jpg|thumb|Pharmaceutical container for sulfur from the first half of the 20th century. From the [[Museo del Objeto del Objeto]] collection]]
Being abundantly available in native form, sulfur was known in ancient times and is referred to in the [[Torah]] ([[Book of Genesis|Genesis]]). [[English translations of the Bible]] commonly referred to burning sulfur as "brimstone", giving rise to the term "[[fire and brimstone|fire-and-brimstone]]" [[sermon]]s, in which listeners are reminded of the fate of [[Damnation|eternal damnation]] that await the unbelieving and unrepentant. It is from this part of the Bible that [[Hell]] is implied to "smell of sulfur" (likely due to its association with volcanic activity). According to the [[Ebers Papyrus]], a sulfur ointment was used in ancient [[Egypt]] to treat granular eyelids. Sulfur was used for fumigation in preclassical [[Greece]];<ref>{{서적 인용| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ed0yC98aAKYC&pg=PA242 | title = Archaeomineralogy | isbn = 978-3-540-78593-4 | page = 242 | author1 = Rapp | first1 = George Robert | date = 4 February 2009}}</ref> this is mentioned in the ''[[Odyssey]]''.<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Hom.+Od.+22.480 ''Odyssey'', book 22, lines 480–495]. www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved on 16 August 2012.</ref> [[Pliny the Elder]] discusses sulfur in book 35 of his ''[[Natural History (Pliny)|Natural History]]'', saying that its best-known source is the island of [[Melos]]. He mentions its use for fumigation, medicine, and bleaching cloth.<ref>''Pliny the Elder on science and technology'', John F. Healy, Oxford University Press, 1999, {{ISBN
A natural form of sulfur known as ''shiliuhuang'' (石硫黄) was known in China since the 6th century BC and found in [[Hanzhong]].<ref name="yunming 487">{{저널 인용|author = Zhang, Yunming|date = 1986|title = The History of Science Society: Ancient Chinese Sulfur Manufacturing Processes|journal = [[Isis (journal)|Isis]]|volume = 77|issue = 3|doi = 10.1086/354207|page=487}}</ref> By the 3rd century, the Chinese discovered that sulfur could be extracted from [[pyrite]].<ref name="yunming 487"/> Chinese [[Daoists]] were interested in sulfur's flammability and its reactivity with certain metals, yet its earliest practical uses were found in [[traditional Chinese medicine]].<ref name="yunming 487"/> A [[Song dynasty]] military treatise of 1044 AD described different formulas for Chinese [[black powder]], which is a mixture of [[potassium nitrate]] ({{chem|K|N|O|3}}), [[charcoal]], and sulfur. It remains an ingredient of [[gunpowder|black gunpowder]].
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