사마라 (러시아): 두 판 사이의 차이
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37번째 줄:
[[1586년]]에는 요새가 쌓아 올려져서 그 뒤에는 볼가 강 지역의 곡물 교역의 중심지로 발전했다. 수륙 교통의 요충지이며 기계(공작기·볼베어링·농기·석유업 장치)공업·경합금(輕合金)·화학 공업·석유 화학, 식료품 공업<ref>《[[글로벌 세계 대백과사전]]》〈[[:s:글로벌 세계 대백과사전/세계지리/세계의 여러 나라/독립국가연합·동유럽/러시아#사마라|사마라]]〉</ref> 등이 성행하고 있다. 또한 항공 우주 산업이 발달하였고, 그 때문에 [[냉전]] 때에는 [[폐쇄된 도시]]였다. [[제2차 세계 대전]] 때에는 많은 정부 기관이 사마라로 옮겨갔다.
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== 기후 ==
{{Weather box
|location=Samara
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|Jan record high C=5.2
|Feb record high C=6.8
|Mar record high C=16.5
|Apr record high C=31.1
|May record high C=33.7
|Jun record high C=38.4
|Jul record high C=39.4
|Aug record high C=39.9
|Sep record high C=33.8
|Oct record high C=26.0
|Nov record high C=14.7
|Dec record high C=7.3
|year record high C=39.9
|Jan high C=-6.8
|Feb high C=-6.1
|Mar high C=0.4
|Apr high C=12.0
|May high C=20.7
|Jun high C=25.3
|Jul high C=26.9
|Aug high C=24.9
|Sep high C = 18.5
|Oct high C = 9.8
|Nov high C = 0.1
|Dec high C = -5.4
|year high C = 10.0
|Jan mean C = -9.9
|Feb mean C = -9.6
|Mar mean C = -3.4
|Apr mean C = 7.0
|May mean C = 14.9
|Jun mean C = 19.7
|Jul mean C = 21.5
|Aug mean C = 19.4
|Sep mean C = 13.4
|Oct mean C = 6.0
|Nov mean C = -2.4
|Dec mean C = -8.2
|year mean C = 5.7
|Jan low C = -12.8
|Feb low C = -12.8
|Mar low C = -6.7
|Apr low C = 2.9
|May low C = 9.8
|Jun low C = 14.9
|Jul low C = 16.7
|Aug low C = 14.7
|Sep low C = 9.3
|Oct low C = 3.1
|Nov low C = -4.5
|Dec low C = -10.8
|year low C = 2.0
|Jan record low C = -43.0
|Feb record low C = -36.9
|Mar record low C = -31.4
|Apr record low C = -20.9
|May record low C = -4.9
|Jun record low C = -0.4
|Jul record low C = 6.3
|Aug record low C = 2.3
|Sep record low C = -3.4
|Oct record low C = -15.7
|Nov record low C = -28.1
|Dec record low C = -41.3
|year record low C = -43.0
|precipitation colour=green
|Jan precipitation mm = 53
|Feb precipitation mm = 42
|Mar precipitation mm = 34
|Apr precipitation mm = 39
|May precipitation mm = 36
|Jun precipitation mm = 56
|Jul precipitation mm = 57
|Aug precipitation mm = 46
|Sep precipitation mm = 44
|Oct precipitation mm = 53
|Nov precipitation mm = 52
|Dec precipitation mm = 51
|year precipitation mm = 563
|Jan rain days = 4
|Feb rain days = 3
|Mar rain days = 5
|Apr rain days = 11
|May rain days = 14
|Jun rain days = 15
|Jul rain days = 14
|Aug rain days = 12
|Sep rain days = 14
|Oct rain days = 14
|Nov rain days = 10
|Dec rain days = 6
|year rain days = 122
|Jan snow days = 24
|Feb snow days = 20
|Mar snow days = 14
|Apr snow days = 4
|May snow days = 1
|Jun snow days = 0.1
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0.3
|Oct snow days = 4
|Nov snow days = 15
|Dec snow days = 22
|year snow days = 104
|Jan humidity = 83
|Feb humidity = 80
|Mar humidity = 79
|Apr humidity = 67
|May humidity = 58
|Jun humidity = 64
|Jul humidity = 67
|Aug humidity = 69
|Sep humidity = 73
|Oct humidity = 76
|Nov humidity = 83
|Dec humidity = 83
|year humidity = 74
|Jan sun = 64
|Feb sun = 102
|Mar sun = 149
|Apr sun = 214
|May sun = 305
|Jun sun = 303
|Jul sun = 310
|Aug sun = 275
|Sep sun = 190
|Oct sun = 108
|Nov sun = 47
|Dec sun = 46
|year sun = 2113
|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net<ref name="pogoda">{{cite web
| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/28900.htm
| title = Pogoda.ru.net
| accessdate = December 10, 2015
| publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат)
| language = Russian}}</ref>
|source 2 = NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)<ref name = NOAA >
{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_II/RA/28900.TXT
| title = Kujbysev/Bezencuk (Samara) Climate Normals 1961–1990
| publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
| accessdate = December 10, 2015}}</ref>
|date=August 2011
}}
== 자매 도시 ==
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