정의 (논리학): 두 판 사이의 차이
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예):짝수는 홀수가 아닌 수이며, 홀수는 짝수가 아닌 수이다.
==아리스토텔레스이 정의==
아리스토텔레스는 그의 저술 오르가논중 범주론에서 올바른 '정의'방법에 대해 서술한바있다. 이러한 전통은 현대에 이르기까지 유효하고 기능적인 논리학의 일반적인 정의방법으로 정의되고있다. <ref>(위키문헌 영문판- 오르가논 ,아리스토텔레스)https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Organon</ref><ref>(우리말샘) 정의하다</ref>
따라서 이에 따르면 정의한다는것은 '개념이 속하는 가장 가까운 유(類)를 들어 그것이 체계 가운데 차지하는 위치를 밝히고 다시 종차(種差)를 들어 그 개념과 등위(等位)의 개념에서 구별하는것이다.' 예를 들면 ‘사람은 이성적(理性的)인 동물이다.’와 같이, 판명하려는 개념을 주어로 하고 종차와 최근류(最近類)를 객어로 하는 판단으로써 성립하게된다.<ref>(위키문헌 영문판- Categories(범주론)-오르가논 ,아리스토텔레스,영문 Octavius Freire Owen)https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Categories_(Owen)-'Of species themselves, however, as many as are not genera, are not more substance, one than another, for he will not give a more appropriate definition of "a certain man," who introduces "man," than he who introduces "horse," into the definition of "a certain horse:" in like manner of primary substances, one is not more substance than another, for "a certain man" is not more substance than a "certain ox." With reason therefore, after the first substances, of the rest, species and genera alone are termed secondary substances, since they alone declare the primary substances of the predicates; thus, if any one were to define what "a certain man" is, he would, by giving the species or the genus, define it appropriately, and will do so more clearly by introducing "man" than "animal;" but whatever else he may introduce, he will be introducing, in a manner, foreign to the purpose, as if he were to introduce "white," or "runs," or any thing else of the kind, so that with propriety of the others, these alone are termed substances. Moreover, the primary substances, because they are subject to all the rest, and all the others are predicated of, or exist in, these, are most properly termed substances, but the same relation which the primary substances bear to all other things, do the species and genera of the first substances bear to all the rest, since of these, are all the rest predicated, for you will say that "a certain man" is "a grammarian," and therefore you will call both "man" and "animal" "a grammarian," and in like manner of the rest.'</ref>
== 같이 보기 ==
* [[순환정의]]
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