마리우스 군제개혁: 두 판 사이의 차이

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특히나 로마의 센서스 계급(일반적인 [[플레브스]]/[[파트리키]] 구분과는 구별)들에 네 개의 표준화된 단위 유형(병사들이 자신의 군사 장비에 얼마나 돈을 쓸 수 있는지를 기반으로 함)이 군단을 구성했다:
* '''''[[벨리테스]]''''' - 가장 가난한 자들이고 (5계급 ''[[프롤레타리이]]'') 보통 방패, 투구나 갑옷, 때로는 [[글라디우스]]조차도 갖출 수 없는 가장 젊은 시민들이다. 이들은 비무장한 [[자벨린]] 투척 [[산병]]들로 로마군의 대열 앞에 있었으며, ''하스타티''가 전진하는 동안에 적들을 교란시키기 위해 자벨린을 던졌고 그 다음에는 후방 쪽으로 대열을 거쳐 후퇴했다. 벨리테스는 전선의 특정 위치를 사수할 것을 요구되거나 맡겨지지 않았다.
* '''''[[벨리테스]]''''' - <!--The poorest (5th class ''[[proletarii]]'') and often the youngest citizens, who could not afford a shield, a helmet or armor, and sometimes even a [[gladius]]. They were unarmored [[javelin]]-throwing [[skirmishers]], who ran forward at the head of the Roman line of battle, expended their missiles to distract the enemy while the ''hastati'' advanced and then quickly retreated through the lines to the rear. They were not expected or equipped to hold any portion of the battle line.
* '''''[[하스타티]]''''' - 4계급 시민 계층으로 기본적인 갑옷과 작은 방패, ''글라디우스''를 갖출 수 있었다. 마리우스 군단병 이전 첫번째 대열의 중(엄밀히 말하면 중 (仲)보병들인 ''하스타티''들은 전투 중에 대열 맨 앞을 사수할 것을 요구되었고 일반적으로 어리고 무서움이 없는 하류층에서 중류층들로 구성되었다. 가벼운 장비와 첫번째 대열이라는 위치는 이들이 전투 중에 큰 피해를 입는 것을 피할 수 없이 야기시켰지만, 좋은 활약 (과 생존)은 promotion to the ''프린키페스'' 진급과 평화 시에 향상된 사회적 이동을 의미했다.
* '''''[[하스타티]]''''' - <!--4th class citizens who could afford basic armor, a small shield and a ''gladius''. The first rank of heavy (technically medium) infantry in the pre-Marian legion, the ''hastati'' were expected to hold the front of the line in the center of the battle and were usually young and aggressive men of middle to lower-middle class. Their lighter armour and position in the front ranks inevitably caused them to suffer the highest casualties in any battle, but good performance (and survival) meant promotion to the ''principes'' and upward social mobility in peace.-->
* '''''[[프린키페스]]''''' - <!--3rd class citizens, who could afford a full set of high-quality armor, a large shield and a bronze helmet in addition to their sword. Considered the core of the pre-Marian legion, the ''principes'' were the pre-Marian unit that most closely resembled the standardized [[legionary]] that the Marian reforms would eventually produce. They stood directly behind the ''hastati'' and relieved them in the front line if they were unable to break the enemy formation by themselves, which was common. Allowing the enemy to wear themselves out on the lighter ''hastati'' before facing the ''principes'' usually proved to be a decisively successful strategy.-->
* '''''[[트리아리이]]''''' - <!--The final infantry unit, the ''[[triarii]]'', was restricted to experienced veterans of the ''principes'' and anchored the entire Roman battle line. Fighting in the manner of hoplites at the rear of the formation, the ''triarii'' were considered the elite infantry of the pre-Marian legion and were not usually needed, instead used as a last resort if the ''hastati'' and ''principes'' could not break the enemy line and were forced to retreat. The Roman [[idiom]] ''ad triarios redisse'' ("to fall back on the triarii") was used to refer to a final, mighty attempt to salvage a desperate situation.-->