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'''우미카제급 구축함'''({{후리가나2|海風型駆逐艦|うみかぜかたくちくかん|우미카제카타 쿠치쿠칸}})은 [[일본 제국 해군]]의 1등 구축함으로, They were the first large destroyers designed for open ocean service to be built in Japan.<ref>Jentsura, ''Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869–1945''.</ref>
==Background==
The ''Umikaze''-class destroyers were designed after the [[Russo-Japanese War]], as the Imperial Japanese Navy realized that the vessels in its current fleet of destroyers were too small and poorly designed for extended "blue water" operation.<ref>Evans, ''Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887–1941''.</ref>
Two vessels were built, based largely on [[Royal Navy|British designs]], one at [[Maizuru Naval Arsenal]] and the other at the [[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries|Mitsubishi shipyards in Nagasaki]].<ref>Howarth, ''The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun''.</ref>
[[File:IJN Yamakaze launch at Nagasaki-Meiji 44.jpg|left|thumb|''Yamakaze'' launch at Mitsubishi Nagasaki, 1911]]
==Design==
The ''Umikaze''-class ships were based largely on the [[Royal Navy]] {{sclass2-|Tribal|destroyer (1905)|0}}<!-- "Tribal" is not italicised; they are not named after HMS Tribal --> destroyers. In terms of [[displacement (ship)|displacement]], each vessel was almost three times larger than the previous destroyers in the Japanese Navy.
Externally, the design retained the four-[[smokestack]]s of the {{sclass-|Ikazuchi|destroyer|4}}, however, internally the [[coal|coal-fired]] [[steam engine|triple expansion steam engines]], were replaced with [[Fuel oil|heavy oil]]-fired [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company|Parsons]] [[steam turbine]] engines, which was a first for Japan. The rated power of 20,500 [[Horsepower#Shaft horsepower|shp]] gave the vessels a high speed of {{convert|33|kn|km/h}}, however fuel consumption severely limited range.
Armament was increased over the previous classes, with a pair of [[QF 4.7 inch Gun Mk I - IV]] guns, with one gun mounted on a small shelter forward and another on the [[Deck (ship)|quarterdeck]] and five [[British ordnance terms#QF|QF]] [[QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval gun|3 inch 12 pounder guns]] mounted staggered to port and starboard.<ref>Nishida, ''Imperial Japanese Navy''</ref> The number of [[torpedo]]es was initially three in unreloadable tubes; but this was quickly changed to two in reloadable tubes in operational service.
==Operational history==
The ''Umikaze''-class destroyers proved to be largely experimental ships. The use of Parsons steam turbines pushed the design to the limits of capability of contemporary engineering and production technology, and the engines were plagued with maintenance issues, as well as tremendous fuel consumption. In an effort to reduce running expenses and to increase range, the boilers were modified from all heavy oil to two heavy oil and four [[coal]]-fired boilers. Even with the modification, the ''Umikaze'' vessels were largely retained for coastal patrol duties.
The ''Umikaze'' ships were rated at first-class destroyers on 28 August 1912, and served to 1 June 1930 when both were converted to [[Minesweeper (ship)|minesweepers]]. Both were subsequently scrapped in 1936.<ref>Nishida, ''Imperial Japanese Navy''</ref>
==List of Ships==
{{clear}}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:97%;"
|-
! Kanji<br>translation
! Name
! Builder
! Laid down
! Launched
! Completed
! width="38%"| Fate
|-
| 海風
| {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Umikaze|1910|2}}<br>"Seawind"
| [[Maizuru Naval Arsenal]], [[Japan]]
| 23 November 1909
| 10 October 1910
| 28 September 1911
| Minesweeper {{ship|Japanese minesweeper|W-7|1930|2}} 1 June 1930 <br>BU 1 April 1936
|-
|山風
| {{ship|Japanese destroyer|Yamakaze|1911|2}}<br>"Mountain Wind"
| [[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries|Mitsubishi shipyards]], [[Nagasaki]], Japan
| 1 June 1910
| 21 January 1911
| 21 October 1911
| Minesweeper {{ship|Japanese minesweeper|W-8|1930|2}} 1 June 1930<br>BU 1 April 1936
|-
|}
==각주==
{{각주}}
===참고 문헌===
*{{cite book
| last = Evans
| first = David
| year = 1979
| title = Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887-1941
| publisher = US Naval Institute Press
| location =
| isbn = 0-87021-192-7
}}
*{{cite book
| last = Howarth
| first = Stephen
| year = 1983
| title = The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun: The Drama of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1895-1945
| publisher = Atheneum
| location =
| isbn = 0-689-11402-8
}}
*{{cite book
| last = Jentsura
| first = Hansgeorg
| year = 1976
| title = Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945
| publisher = US Naval Institute Press
| location =
| isbn = 0-87021-893-X
}}
== 외부 링크 ==
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