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===South Korea===
[[File:Two THAAD launchers arriving in South Korea in March 2017.jpg|thumb|Two THAAD launchers shortly after being flown into South Korea in March 2017]]
{{see also|North Korea and weapons of mass destruction|2017–18 North Korea crisis}}
 
2013년 10월 17일, [[국방부|대한민국 국방부]]는 북한 탄도 미사일에 대한 방어 강화를 위하여 [[미국 국방부]]에 [[종말고고도지역방어]] 시스템에 대한 정보 제공을 요청했다.<ref>[http://www.armyrecognition.com/october_2013_defense_industry_military_news_uk/army_of_south_korea_shows_interest_for_the_u.s._thaad_terminal_high_altitude_area_defense_1810132.html Army of South Korea shows interest for the U.S. THAAD] – Armyrecognition.com, 2013년 10월 18일</ref>
 
 
 
 
 
 
However, South Korean [[Park Geun-hye administration]] decided it will develop its own indigenous long-range surface-to-air missile instead of buying the THAAD.<ref>[http://english.sina.com/world/2014/0602/705974.html S. Korea to develop indigenous missile defense system instead of adopting THAAD] – Sina.com, 3 June 2014</ref> South Korean Defense Ministry officials previously requested information on the THAAD, as well as other missile interceptors like the Israeli [[Arrow 3]], with the intention of researching systems for domestic technology development rather than for purchase. Officials did however state that American deployment of the THAAD system would help in countering North Korean missile threats.<ref>[http://world.kbs.co.kr/english/news/news_Po_detail.htm?No=103072 'S.Korea Requested Information on THAAD to Develop L-SAM'] – KBS.co.kr, 5 June 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/news/north-korea/north-korea-s-missile-failure-won-t-stop-kim-jong-n736986 North Korea’s Missile Failure Won’t Stop Kim Jong Un Trying to Strike U.S.] accessdate=2017-03-26</ref> Later South Korea announced it would be deploying THAAD by the end of 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.rt.com/news/372787-thaad-china-korea-rift/ |title=Seoul vows to proceed with THAAD deployment, slams China's 'reprisals' tactics |date= 6 January 2017 |work= rt.com |access-date= 1 April 2018}}</ref> In May 2014, the Pentagon revealed it was studying sites to base THAAD batteries in South Korea.<ref>[http://www.armyrecognition.com/may_2014_global_defense_security_news_uk/united_states_army_has_a_plan_to_deploy_thaad_air_defense_missile_systems_in_south_korea_2905141.html "United States Army has a plan to deploy THAAD air defense missile systems in South Korea"]. Armyrecognition.com, 29 May 2014.</ref>
 
In February 2016, Chinese Foreign Minister [[Wang Yi (politician)|Wang Yi]] expressed concerns that deployment of THAAD in South Korea, despite being directed at North Korea, could jeopardize China's "legitimate national security interests"<ref name="Reuters">{{cite news|last1=Shala & Stewart|first1=Andrea & Phil|title=China cites concerns on U.S. missile defense system in South Korea|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-china-north-korea-idUSKCN0VY2C9|agency=Reuters|publisher=Reuters|date=25 February 2016}}</ref> and in 2017 the Vice Chairman of China's Central Military Commission asserted to the Chairman of the US Joint Chiefs of Staff that deployment of THAAD around China was one of the factors which had a negative influence on "bilateral military ties and mutual trust."<ref name="China military criticizes 'wrong' U.S. moves on Taiwan, South China Sea | Reuters">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-usa-dunford-idUSKCN1AX0EF|title=China military criticizes 'wrong' U.S. moves on Taiwan, South China...|first=Reuters|last=Editorial|publisher=}}</ref> The major controversy among Chinese officials is that they believe the purpose of the THAAD system, "which detects and intercepts incoming missiles at high altitudes, is actually to track missiles launched from China" not from North Korea.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Perez|first1=Jane|title=For China, a Missile Defense System in South Korea Spells a Failed Courtship|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/09/world/asia/south-korea-us-thaad-china.html?_r=0|website=New York Times|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=26 September 2016}}</ref> Chinese experts report that China is focused on the positioning of another THAAD radar system, this one on the Korean peninsula, for gleaning details about China's nuclear weapons delivery systems, such as THAAD's ability to distinguish which missiles might be carrying decoy warheads.<ref>Li Bin [http://www.chinausfocus.com/foreign-policy/2017/0306/14759.html "The Security Dilemma and THAAD Deployment in the ROK"]. chinausfocus.com, 6 Mar 2017.</ref><ref name=nytBuckley>Chris Buckley (12 March 2017) [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/11/world/asia/us-south-korea-thaad-antimissile-system-china.html "Why U.S. Antimissile System in South Korea Worries China", p. 8]. ''New York Times''. Retrieved 2017-03-12</ref> Bruce W. Bennett pointed out that China has deployed an [[S-400 missile system]] to the [[Shandong peninsula]], between Pyongyang and Beijing, which appears to be a defense against North Korean missiles.<ref>Bruce W. Bennett (6 August 2017) [https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/opinion/2017/08/197_234268.html Why THAAD is needed in Korea]. ''The Korea Times''</ref>
 
In July 2016, American and South Korean military officials agreed to deploy the THAAD missile defense system in the country to counter North Korea's growing threats and use of [[North Korea and weapons of mass destruction|ballistic missile and nuclear tests]]; each THAAD unit consists of six truck-mounted launchers, 48 interceptors, a fire control and communications unit, and an AN/TPY-2 radar.<ref>[http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/2016/07/07/thaad-officially-deploy-south-korea/86837806/ THAAD To Officially Deploy to South Korea] - Defensenews.com, 8 July 2016</ref> [[Seongju County]] in [[North Gyeongsang Province]] was chosen as a THAAD site, partly because it is out of range of North Korean rocket artillery along the [[Korean Demilitarized Zone|DMZ]].<ref>[http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2016/07/205_209205.html "Picked as site for THAAD battery"] - Koreatimes.co.kr, 12 July 2016</ref> This sparked protests from Seongju County residents, who feared that radiation emitted by the AN/TPY-2 radar would impact their health, and damage the region's famed [[oriental melon]] crop.<ref>[http://www.voanews.com/content/thaad-radition-fears-spark-south-korean-protests/3419467.html THAAD Radiation Fears Spark South Korean Protests] Voice of America 15 July 2016.</ref> On 30 September 2016, the U.S. and South Korea announced that THAAD would be relocated to [[Lotte (conglomerate)|Lotte]] Skyhill Seongju Country Club, farther from the town's main residential areas and higher in elevation, to alleviate concerns.<ref>{{cite web |title=THAAD's new home will be golf course in South Korean mountains |date=30 September 2016 |publisher=STARS AND STRIPES |url=https://www.stripes.com/news/thaad-s-new-home-will-be-golf-course-in-south-korean-mountains-1.431721#.WMoKt8CGPos}}</ref><ref>[http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2016/09/30/37/0301000000AEN20160930004900315F.html S. Korea selects golf course as new site for THAAD] - Yonhapnews.co.kr, 30 September 2016</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2016/07/117_209326.html |title=Seongju residents vow to fight against THAAD |date=2016-07-13 |work=Korea Times |access-date=2018-09-18 |language=en}}</ref>
 
On 6 March 2017, two THAAD launcher trucks arrived by air transport at [[Osan Air Base]] South Korea, for a deployment.<ref name=OsanAB /><ref name=NbcNews>[http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/u-s-promises-response-severe-threat-north-korean-missile-launches-n729846 U.S. Begins Shipping Controversial Anti-Missile System to South Korea] accessdate=2017-03-06</ref><ref>[http://www.usfk.mil/Media/News/Article/1104317/thaad-arrives-on-the-korean-peninsula/ THAAD arrives on the Korean Peninsula] 2017-03-06</ref><ref name=Mullany>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/06/world/asia/north-korea-thaad-missile-defense-us-china.html|title=U.S. Starts Deploying Thaad Antimissile System in South Korea, After North’s Tests|last=Mullany|first=Gerry|date=2017-03-06|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-03-07|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Earlier that day, [[List of North Korean missile tests|North Korea had launched 4 missiles]].<ref name=NbcNews /><ref name=OsanAB>{{Cite web |last=Osan AirBase |title=THAAD Deploys to Republic of Korea |date=2017-03-06 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BI68rmNQWXQ |accessdate=2017-03-07}}</ref> A Reuters article stated that with the THAAD defense system, a North Korean missile barrage would still pose a threat to South Korea,<ref name=Pearson>{{cite news|last1=Pearson|first1=James|title=Even with THAAD defense, North Korea missile barrage poses threat to South|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-missiles-defence-analysis-idUSKBN16F0CT|publisher=Reuters|date=8 Mar 2017}}</ref> while an article in the International Journal of Space Politics & Policy said that South Korean forces already possess Patriot systems for point defense and Aegis destroyers capable of stopping ballistic missiles that may come from the north,<ref name=dLPGdC2016>{{cite journal |author=De Leon Petta Gomes da Costa |title=Chinese Geopolitics: Space Program Cooperation among China, Brazil, and Russia |journal=Astropolitics: The International Journal of Space Politics & Policy |issn=1477-7622 |oclc=300873391 |date=16 March 2016 |volume=14 |issue=1|doi=10.1080/14777622.2016.1148465 |pages=90–98 |bibcode=2016AstPo..14...90D}}</ref>{{page needed|date=March 2017}}{{original research inline|date=March 2017}} in a three-layer antimissile defense for South Korea.<ref name=ISDP2016 /> On 16 March 2017, a THAAD radar arrived in South Korea.<ref name=Shim>[http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2017/03/16/THAAD-radar-arrives-in-South-Korea-over-Chinese-opposition/7711489671159/ Elizabeth Shim, UPI. (16 March 2017) "THAAD radar arrives in South Korea over Chinese opposition"] accessdate=2017-03-21</ref> The THAAD system is kept at Osan Air Base<ref name=Raddetz20170416>A view of the command posts at Osan Air base: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWqYTKsr43I 'Fight Tonight': Rare look at US defense against North Korea] accessdate=2017-04-16</ref> until the site where the system is due to be deployed is prepared, with an expected ready date of June 2017.<ref name=Taylor>{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/03/07/why-china-is-so-mad-about-thaad-a-missile-defense-system-aimed-at-deterring-north-korea/|title=Analysis - Why China is so mad about THAAD, a missile defense system aimed at deterring North Korea|publisher=}}</ref> Osan Air Base has blast-hardened command posts with 3 levels of blast doors.<ref name=Raddetz20170416 />{{rp|minute 0:45}}
 
By 25 April 2017, six trailers carrying the THAAD radar, interceptor launchers, communications, and support equipment entered the Seongju site.<ref>Anna Fifield (25 April 2017) [https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/us-military-starts-installing-controversial-anti-missile-battery-in-south-korea/2017/04/25/3efe2fba-2a2a-11e7-86b7-5d31b5fdc114_story.html "U.S. military starts installing controversial anti-missile battery in South Korea"]. ''Washington Post''. Retrieved: 2017-04-26.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-usa-idUSKBN17W04T|title=China urges all sides in North Korea standoff to 'stop irritating'...|first=Ben|last=Blanchard|publisher=}}</ref> On 30 April 2017, it was reported that South Korea would bear the cost of the land and facilities for THAAD, while the US will pay for operating it.<ref>Associated Press (30 April 2017). [http://www.foxnews.com/world/2017/04/30/latest-us-wont-seek-south-korean-money-for-thaad.html "The Latest: US won't seek South Korean money for THAAD"] Fox News. Retrieved: 2017-04-30.</ref> On 2 May 2017, Moon Sang-gyun, with the South Korean Defense Ministry and Col. Robert Manning III, a spokesman for the U.S. military announced that the THAAD system in Seongju is operational and "has the ability to intercept North Korean missiles and defend South Korea."<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/02/world/asia/thaad-north-korea-missile-defense-us.html "U.S. Antimissile System Goes Live in South Korea"]. New York Times, 2 May 2017.</ref> It was reported that the system will not reach its full operational potential until later this year when additional elements of the system are onsite.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39775854 "US anti-missile system operational in South Korea"]. BBC, 2 May 2017.</ref> On 7 June 2017 President [[Moon Jae-in]] suspended further THAAD deployment pending a review, after discovering four addition launchers had entered South Korea without the defense ministry informing him.<ref name=usatoday-20170607>{{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2017/06/07/south-korean-president-moon-jae-suspends-thaad-deployment/102582572/ |title=South Korean President Moon Jae-in suspends further THAAD deployment |last=Maresca |first=Thomas |newspaper=USA TODAY |date=7 June 2017 |accessdate=11 September 2017}}</ref><ref name=cnbc-20170726>{{cite news |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/07/26/how-park-geun-hye-influences-thaad-deployment-in-south-korea.html |title=North Korea is more erratic than ever, but South Korea is in no rush for US missile defense |last=Chandran |first=Nyshka |publisher=CNBC News |date=26 July 2017 |accessdate=11 September 2017}}</ref> The [[35th Air Defense Artillery Brigade (United States)]] has integrated THAAD into its layered defense on the Korean Peninsula,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.army.mil/article/189286/35th_ada_bde_welcomes_new_commander|title=35th ADA BDE welcomes new commander|publisher=}}</ref> denoted Combined Task Force Defender, composed of both US and ROK personnel.<ref name=25oct2017 />
 
Even in the face of a North Korean ICBM test on 4 July 2017, which newly threatens Alaska, a [[Kodiak, Alaska]]-based THAAD interceptor test (FTT-18)<ref name=FTT-18>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-missiles-usa-defenses-idUSKBN19S2XQ|title=Exclusive: U.S. plans to test THAAD missile defenses as North Korea...|first=Phil|last=Stewart|publisher=}}</ref> against a simulated attack by an Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile had long been planned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/07/07/politics/us-thaad-missile-defense-test/index.html|title=US to test THAAD missile defense system|first=Barbara Starr and Zachary Cohen|last=CNN|publisher=}}</ref> FTT-18 was successfully completed by Battery A-2 THAAD (Battery A, [[2nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment]], Terminal High Altitude Area Defense)<ref name=A2thaad>[http://fortblissbugle.com/2017/07july/072017/pdf/072017part1a.pdf A-2 THAAD successfully intercepts missile target ''Fort Bliss Bugle'' (20 July 2017)] accessdate=2017-07-20</ref> of the [[11th Air Defense Artillery Brigade (United States)]] on 11 July 2017.<ref name=Reuters11Jul17 /><ref name=mda11Jul17 /> The soldiers used the procedures of an actual combat scenario and were not aware of the IRBM's launch time.<ref name=A2thaad />
 
Also in 2017 another Kodiak launch of a THAAD interceptor was scheduled between 7:30PM and 1:30AM on Saturday 29 July, Sunday 30 July, or Monday 31 July, at alternative times, in preparation for a possible ICBM test by North Korea.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/07/25/politics/coast-guard-alaska-missile-notice/?iid=ob_lockedrail_bottomlist|title=Coast Guard gives notice: Missile launch expected in Alaska|first=Madison Park|last=CNN|publisher=}}</ref> On 28 July 2017 North Korea launched a test ICBM capable of reaching Los Angeles.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-missiles-idUSKBN1AD1ZB "North Korea tests another ICBM, capable of putting US cities in range"]. CNN</ref> In response, President Moon Jae-in called for deployment of the four remaining THAAD launchers which were put on hold when he came to power.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-missiles-thaad-idUSKBN1AD2ES South Korea's Moon orders talks with U.S. to deploy more THAAD units after North Korea ICBM test]. Reuters</ref><ref name=6sep17>By 6 September 2017 the remaining 4 launchers were fully deployed. [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-missiles-system/south-korea-deploys-anti-missile-system-as-u-s-seeks-tough-north-korea-sanctions-idUSKCN1BI07P Reuters: (6 September 2017) South Korea deploys anti-missile system as U.S. seeks tough North Korea sanctions]</ref> [[Lee Jong-kul]], of South Korean President Moon Jae-in's [[Democratic Party of Korea]] states "The nuclear and missile capabilities of North Korea…have been upgraded to pose serious threats; the international cooperation system to keep the North in check has been nullified...", citing tensions over the U.S. deployment of the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense anti-missile system in South Korea.<ref>Burton, John. (26 July 2017) [https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/opinion/2017/07/396_233687.html "Moon's nuclear option"] ''[[The Korea Times]]'' (a sister publication of Hankook Ilbo 한국일보)] Quote: Absent a North Korean response to the request for de-nuclearization talks, South Korea has mooted its nuclear options: "If North Korea continues to conduct nuclear weapon and missile tests while the North Korean nuclear negotiations are sluggish, South Korea should decide whether to break the principle of denuclearization and start developing nuclear weapons," —Lee Jong-kul.</ref><ref>(27 July 2017) [http://www.businessinsider.com/north-korea-missile-test-china-aricraft-carrier-drill-2017-7?r=UK&IR=T "China holds live-fire aircraft carrier drill, builds massive border force as North Korean missile test looms"]. Business Insider</ref><ref>Lockie, Alex (25 July 2017) [http://www.businessinsider.com/chinas-army-north-korea-border-force-2017-7 "China's army looks like it's getting ready for something big to go down in North Korea"]. Business Insider</ref><ref>(16 March 2017) [http://www.businessinsider.com/china-response-us-first-strike-north-korea-2017-3/#and-without-north-korea-china-would-find-itself-exposed-3 "How China could stop a US strike on North Korea — without starting World War III"]. Business Insider</ref><ref>Taylor, Adam (28 July 2017) [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/07/28/the-inevitability-of-north-koreas-nuclear-weapons/ "The inevitability of North Korea's nuclear weapons"]. ''The Washington Post''</ref> The [[Atlantic Council]], in the June 2017 memorandum "Eliminating the Growing Threat Posed by North Korean Nuclear Weapons" to President Trump, recommends a checklist of actions, including the following declarations to North Korea.<ref name=Growing_Threat_North_Korean_Nuclear/><ref>Choe Sang-Hun (29 July 2017) [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/29/world/asia/us-south-korea-north-korea-missile-test.html "After North Korea Test, South Korea pushes to build up its own missiles"]. ''The New York Times''</ref>
* No use of WMDs, or it will result in a unified Korea under Seoul after the North's assured destruction.
* No export of nuclear equipment or fissile material; it will be intercepted, and the US will respond.
* No missile or missile test aimed at ROK (South Korea), Japan, or the US; it can then be shot down or pre-empted.<ref name=Growing_Threat_North_Korean_Nuclear>Pavel, Barry and Robert A. Manning (27 June 2017) [http://www.publications.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Rolling-Back-the-Growing-North-Korean-Threat-web-0627.pdf "Eliminating the Growing Threat Posed by North Korean Nuclear Weapons"] (pdf). The Atlantic Council</ref>
 
On 30 July 2017, a Kodiak-sited THAAD interceptor shot down an MRBM which launched over the Pacific Ocean, the 15th successful test;<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=afIXoFH6RoI (30 July 2017) US military hits target missile in THAAD interceptor test] Interception at minute 1:04 of 1:20 video clip duration</ref> the [[Missile Defense Agency]] (MDA) director emphasized the data collection from the intercept, which enhances the modelling and scenario simulation capabilities of the MDA.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-missiles-idUSKBN1AF0HV|title=U.S. THAAD missile hits test target amid growing pressure from...|first=Sarah N.|last=Lynch|publisher=}}</ref> John Schilling estimates the current accuracy of the North's Hwasong-14 as poor at the mooted ranges<ref name=jschilling071017 /> which threaten US cities<ref name=idUSKBN1AG2J4 >{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-missiles-usa-assessment-idUSKBN1AG2J4|title=North Korea can hit most of United States: U.S. officials|first=Idrees|last=Ali|publisher=}}</ref> (which would require more testing<ref name=payloadBreakup >{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/31/world/asia/north-korea-missile-test-video.html|title=Success of North Korean Missile Test Is Thrown Into Question|first1=William J.|last1=Broad|first2=David E.|last2=Sanger|date=31 July 2017|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref><ref name=payloadBreakupVideo>[https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/special/northkorea_provocation/embed/northkorea_provocation_movie_185.html Payload Breakup Video: nhk static camera setup on Hokkaido island] 26-second video clip</ref><ref name=MElleman>{{cite web|url=http://www.38north.org/2017/07/melleman073117/|title=Video Casts Doubt on North Korea's Ability to Field an ICBM Re-entry Vehicle - 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea|date=31 July 2017|publisher=}}</ref> to prove its accuracy).<ref name=jschilling071017 >{{cite web|url=https://www.38north.org/2017/07/jschilling071017/|title=What is True and Not True About North Korea's Hwasong-14 ICBM: A Technical Evaluation - 38 North: Informed Analysis of North Korea|date=10 July 2017|publisher=}}</ref>
 
On 11 August 2017, ''The New York Times'' reviewed the anti-missile options that are available to counter a planned salvo of four Hwasong-12 missiles, were they to be launched in mid-August 2017 from the North, and aimed to land just outside the territorial waters of Guam,<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/11/world/asia/guam-north-korea-missile-defense.html "If Missiles Are Headed to Guam, Here Is What Could Stop Them]". ''The New York Times'' (11 August 2017)</ref> a distance of 2100 miles, flying at altitudes exceeding 62 miles, in a flight of 1065 seconds.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-missiles-kcna-idUSKBN1AP2P5|title=North Korea will develop Guam strike plan by mid-August: KCNA|first=Christine|last=Kim|publisher=}}</ref> These options for the missile defense of South Korea include "sea-based, Patriots and THAAD" according to General John E. Hyten, commander of [[U.S. Strategic Command]].<ref>Cheryl Pellerin (24 August 2017) [https://www.defense.gov/News/Article/Article/1288096/us-south-korean-military-leaders-reinforce-alliance/ U.S., South Korean Military Leaders Reinforce Alliance]. Defense News</ref>
 
On 2 September 2017, the North Korean news agency KCNA released a photograph of an elongated payload,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-nuclear/north-korea-says-it-has-developed-more-advanced-hydrogen-bomb-kcna-idUSKCN1BD0VW|title=Trump says U.S. not 'putting up with' North Korea's actions|first=Jeff|last=Mason|publisher=}}</ref> intended to fit in the warhead of one of its missiles.<ref name=2Sep17implications>{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/09/03/548262043/here-are-the-facts-about-north-koreas-nuclear-test|title=Here Are The Facts About North Korea's Nuclear Test|publisher=}}</ref> On 3 September 2017 both Japan's Foreign Ministry and the South Korean Joint Chiefs announced the detection of a magnitude 6.3 seismic event, centered near Punggye-ri, which is North Korea's underground nuclear test site.<ref>[http://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/1203852/sar-image-of-punggye-ri/ Jeffrey Lewis (13 September 2017) SAR image of Punggye-ri] Note especially the 'before and after' comparison of Mount Mantap, a subsidence of several meters spread over 85 acres, in the grey-scale gif which superimposed images of 26 August and 6 September 2017.</ref> Japan's Foreign Ministry has concluded that the event was the North's sixth nuclear test.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/09/03/asia/north-korea-nuclear-test/index.html|title=Nuclear test conducted by North Korea, country claims|first=Joshua Berlinger and Taehoon Lee|last=CNN|publisher=}}</ref> [[Choe Sang-hun]] of the ''New York Times'' reports that the test was a major embarrassment for China's president [[Xi Jinping]], who was hosting a BRICS summit (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) in Xiamen, China. Cheng Xiaohe, an expert on North Korea at China's Renmin University, said the timing of the test appears to be deliberate.<ref name=nyt2sep17>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/03/world/asia/north-korea-tremor-possible-6th-nuclear-test.html|title=North Korean Nuclear Test Draws U.S. Warning of ‘Massive Military Response’|first1=David E.|last1=Sanger|first2=Choe|last2=Sang-Hun|date=2 September 2017|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> China's Foreign Ministry urged the North to "stop taking wrong actions",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/09/03/asia/north-korea-nuclear-test-live-updates/index.html|title=Nuclear test in North Korea: Live updates|first=Lauren Said-Moorhouse|last=CNN|publisher=}}</ref> and agreed that further UN actions are needed to resolve the impending crisis.<ref name=4ThaadsPhoto>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-northkorea-missiles-system/china-agrees-more-u-n-actions-needed-against-north-korea-after-nuclear-test-idUSKCN1BI07P|title=Trump: 'Sad day' for North Korea if U.S. takes military action|first=James|last=Oliphant|publisher=}}</ref> By creating a thermonuclear-capable payload for at least one of its missiles,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/north-korea/5-1-magnitude-tremor-recorded-north-korea-could-be-new-n798376|title=North Korea says it tested hydrogen bomb that can fit in intercontinental missile|publisher=}}</ref> the North has created a need for THAAD, which is capable of intercepting ICBM threats at the lower altitudes and ranges<ref name=jschilling071017 /> estimated for a Hwasong-14 ICBM subjected to the load of a heavier warhead needed to carry a thermonuclear weapon.
 
On 4 September 2017, BBC analyst Jonathan Marcus predicted a flood of several million refugees at the border of North Korea and China, were the North to be destroyed.<ref name=marcus> (4 September 2017) [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41150291 North Korea: Does latest nuclear test mean war?]. BBC </ref> China has positioned only two brigades at the border. Marcus points out that China and Russia have proposed the de-nuclearization of Korea and the replacement of the armistice with a peace treaty.<ref name=marcus />
 
On 25 October 2017, Battery D, [[2nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment]], Terminal High Altitude Area Defense, reflagged with the [[35th Air Defense Artillery Brigade]] in preparation for a [[permanent change of station]] to South Korea.<ref name=25oct2017>{{cite web|url=https://www.army.mil/article/195686/thaad_battery_reflags_to_align_with_35th_ada_brigade_in_south_korea|title=THAAD battery reflags to align with 35th ADA Brigade in South Korea|publisher=}}</ref> In the interim before THAAD D-2's permanent transfer to South Korea with their families, THAAD Battery A-4 will deploy to South Korea.<ref name=25oct2017 />