아스투리아스주: 두 판 사이의 차이
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32번째 줄:
== 역사 ==
[[8세기]] 이후 이베리아 반도 전역이 [[이슬람]] 교도의 치하로 넘어갔을 때 [[국토 회복 운동]](Reconquista)의 중심지가 되었다. [[18세기]] [[계몽주의]] 운동의 중심지 중 하나였다. [[산업혁명]] 당시, 아스투리아스의 석탄 및 철광 자원이 개발되었다. [[1982년]] [[1월 11일]]에 정식으로 에스파냐의 [[자치주]]가 되었다.
== 인구 ==
{{Historical populations|align=left
|type =
|footnote = Source: [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Spain)|INE]]
|1900 | 627000
|1910 | 685000
|1920 | 744000
|1930 | 792000
|1940 | 837000
|1950 | 888000
|1960 | 989000
|1970 | 1046000
|1981 | 1129572
|1991 | 1093937
|2001 | 1062998
|2011 | 1075813
|2012 | 1077360
|2013 | 1068165
|2014 | 1061756
|2015 | 1051229
|2016 | 1042608
|2017 | 1034960
|2018 | 1028244
|2019 | 1022800
|2020 | 1018784
}}{{-}}
== 지리 ==
동쪽만이 좁은 해안지대를 통하여 칸타브리아 지방의 [[산탄데르]](Santander)와 연결된다. [[비스카야]](Viscaya) 만에 면해 있기 때문에 기후는 [[편서풍]]의 영향을 받아 온난 다습한 [[해양성 기후]]를 나타내며, 연 강수량도 1,000mm 이상이다. 칸타브리아 산맥에서 흘러내리는 하천은 모두 짧고 깊은 협곡을 형성하고, 하류에 작은 선상지를 발달시킨 곳도 있다. 고산 지대에 있으며, 10월에서 5월까지 눈이 내린다. 겨울엔 주로 비와 화창한 날이 번갈아가며 있다.
=== 기후 ===
{{Weather box|width=100%
|location = Oviedo 336m (1981–2010)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 22.0
|Feb record high C = 24.6
|Mar record high C = 26.8
|Apr record high C = 31.5
|May record high C = 32.0
|Jun record high C = 35.5
|Jul record high C = 35.0
|Aug record high C = 35.6
|Sep record high C = 36.4
|Oct record high C = 31.7
|Nov record high C = 26.6
|Dec record high C = 23.0
|year record high C = 36.4
|Jan high C = 12.0
|Feb high C = 12.7
|Mar high C = 14.9
|Apr high C = 15.7
|May high C = 18.2
|Jun high C = 20.9
|Jul high C = 22.8
|Aug high C = 23.3
|Sep high C = 22.1
|Oct high C = 18.7
|Nov high C = 14.6
|Dec high C = 12.4
|year high C = 17.4
|Jan mean C = 8.3
|Feb mean C = 8.7
|Mar mean C = 10.5
|Apr mean C = 11.3
|May mean C = 13.9
|Jun mean C = 16.7
|Jul mean C = 18.7
|Aug mean C = 19.1
|Sep mean C = 17.6
|Oct mean C = 14.6
|Nov mean C = 10.9
|Dec mean C = 8.9
|year mean C = 13.3
|Jan low C = 4.6
|Feb low C = 4.7
|Mar low C = 6.1
|Apr low C = 6.8
|May low C = 9.5
|Jun low C = 12.4
|Jul low C = 14.5
|Aug low C = 14.8
|Sep low C = 13.1
|Oct low C = 10.4
|Nov low C = 7.2
|Dec low C = 5.3
|year low C = 9.1
|Jan record low C = -6.0
|Feb record low C = -3.8
|Mar record low C = -3.6
|Apr record low C = -0.5
|May record low C = 1.6
|Jun record low C = 5.6
|Jul record low C = 7.4
|Aug record low C = 8.6
|Sep record low C = 5.2
|Oct record low C = 2.4
|Nov record low C = -4.2
|Dec record low C = -3.6
|year record low C = -6.0
|Jan precipitation mm = 84
|Feb precipitation mm = 81
|Mar precipitation mm = 78
|Apr precipitation mm = 100
|May precipitation mm = 82
|Jun precipitation mm = 57
|Jul precipitation mm = 45
|Aug precipitation mm = 56
|Sep precipitation mm = 66
|Oct precipitation mm = 99
|Nov precipitation mm = 115
|Dec precipitation mm = 99
|year precipitation mm = 960
|Jan precipitation days = 11
|Feb precipitation days = 10
|Mar precipitation days = 10
|Apr precipitation days = 12
|May precipitation days = 12
|Jun precipitation days = 8
|Jul precipitation days = 7
|Aug precipitation days = 8
|Sep precipitation days = 8
|Oct precipitation days = 11
|Nov precipitation days = 12
|Dec precipitation days = 12
|unit precipitation days = 1 mm
|year precipitation days = 122
|Jan humidity = 76
|Feb humidity = 75
|Mar humidity = 74
|Apr humidity = 76
|May humidity = 78
|Jun humidity = 79
|Jul humidity = 79
|Aug humidity = 80
|Sep humidity = 78
|Oct humidity = 79
|Nov humidity = 79
|Dec humidity = 77
|year humidity = 78
|Jan sun = 115
|Feb sun = 122
|Mar sun = 153
|Apr sun = 161
|May sun = 167
|Jun sun = 167
|Jul sun = 177
|Aug sun = 176
|Sep sun = 167
|Oct sun = 138
|Nov sun = 109
|Dec sun = 105
|year sun = 1756
|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/publicaciones/detalles/guia_resumida_2010 |title=Guía resumida del clima en España (1981-2010) |access-date=17 April 2019 |work=[[AEMET]] |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121117003302/http://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/publicaciones/detalles/guia_resumida_2010 |archive-date=17 November 2012 |year=2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|date=November 2014
}}
|-
{{Weather box|width=100%
|location = Gijón (1971–2000)
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 23.6
|Feb record high C = 23.0
|Mar record high C = 27.0
|Apr record high C = 28.0
|May record high C = 31.8
|Jun record high C = 36.4
|Jul record high C = 31.4
|Aug record high C = 30.0
|Sep record high C = 34.6
|Oct record high C = 30.4
|Nov record high C = 26.1
|Dec record high C = 25.0
|year record high C = 36.4
|Jan high C = 13.1
|Feb high C = 13.8
|Mar high C = 14.9
|Apr high C = 15.6
|May high C = 17.8
|Jun high C = 20.2
|Jul high C = 22.4
|Aug high C = 23.2
|Sep high C = 21.8
|Oct high C = 19.0
|Nov high C = 15.6
|Dec high C = 14.0
|year high C = 17.6
|Jan mean C = 8.9
|Feb mean C = 9.6
|Mar mean C = 10.7
|Apr mean C = 11.8
|May mean C = 14.3
|Jun mean C = 16.9
|Jul mean C = 19.2
|Aug mean C = 19.7
|Sep mean C = 17.9
|Oct mean C = 15.0
|Nov mean C = 11.6
|Dec mean C = 9.9
|year mean C = 13.8
|Jan low C = 4.7
|Feb low C = 5.4
|Mar low C = 6.6
|Apr low C = 8.1
|May low C = 10.9
|Jun low C = 13.6
|Jul low C = 16.0
|Aug low C = 16.2
|Sep low C = 14.1
|Oct low C = 11.0
|Nov low C = 7.6
|Dec low C = 5.8
|year low C = 10.0
|Jan record low C = -4.6
|Feb record low C = -4.0
|Mar record low C = -2.0
|Apr record low C = 0.4
|May record low C = 3.2
|Jun record low C = 5.8
|Jul record low C = 8.6
|Aug record low C = 8.2
|Sep record low C = 5.0
|Oct record low C = 2.6
|Nov record low C = -1.4
|Dec record low C = -4.8
|year record low C = -4.8
|Jan precipitation mm = 94
|Feb precipitation mm = 85
|Mar precipitation mm = 74
|Apr precipitation mm = 93
|May precipitation mm = 79
|Jun precipitation mm = 47
|Jul precipitation mm = 45
|Aug precipitation mm = 54
|Sep precipitation mm = 70
|Oct precipitation mm = 104
|Nov precipitation mm = 120
|Dec precipitation mm = 104
|year precipitation mm = 971
|Jan precipitation days = 12
|Feb precipitation days = 11
|Mar precipitation days = 10
|Apr precipitation days = 12
|May precipitation days = 11
|Jun precipitation days = 7
|Jul precipitation days = 6
|Aug precipitation days = 7
|Sep precipitation days = 8
|Oct precipitation days = 11
|Nov precipitation days = 12
|Dec precipitation days = 12
|year precipitation days = 121
|unit precipitation days = 1 mm
|Jan sun = 103
|Feb sun = 109
|Mar sun = 137
|Apr sun = 151
|May sun = 167
|Jun sun = 180
|Jul sun = 194
|Aug sun = 190
|Sep sun = 158
|Oct sun = 132
|Nov sun = 106
|Dec sun = 92
|year sun = 1721
|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/es/elclima/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1208&k=ast |title=Valores Climatológicos Normales. Asturias / Gijon |access-date=17 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720111949/http://www.aemet.es/es/elclima/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1208&k=ast |archive-date=20 July 2011 |work=[[AEMET]] |language=es |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|date=August 2010
}}
|-
{{Weather box|width=100%
|location = Avilés—[[Asturias Airport]] (1981–2010)
|collapsed = Y
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 23.5
|Feb record high C = 24.3
|Mar record high C = 26.7
|Apr record high C = 28.6
|May record high C = 33.6
|Jun record high C = 36.0
|Jul record high C = 33.0
|Aug record high C = 31.6
|Sep record high C = 36.0
|Oct record high C = 31.0
|Nov record high C = 25.6
|Dec record high C = 25.6
|year record high C = 36.0
|Jan high C = 12.9
|Feb high C = 13.1
|Mar high C = 14.6
|Apr high C = 15.1
|May high C = 17.3
|Jun high C = 19.6
|Jul high C = 21.5
|Aug high C = 22.2
|Sep high C = 21.2
|Oct high C = 18.7
|Nov high C = 15.3
|Dec high C = 13.3
|year high C = 17.1
|Jan mean C = 9.4
|Feb mean C = 9.4
|Mar mean C = 10.7
|Apr mean C = 11.3
|May mean C = 13.6
|Jun mean C = 16.2
|Jul mean C = 18.2
|Aug mean C = 18.8
|Sep mean C = 17.4
|Oct mean C = 15.1
|Nov mean C = 11.8
|Dec mean C = 9.9
|year mean C = 13.5
|Jan low C = 5.9
|Feb low C = 5.7
|Mar low C = 6.8
|Apr low C = 7.5
|May low C = 10.0
|Jun low C = 12.8
|Jul low C = 14.8
|Aug low C = 15.3
|Sep low C = 13.7
|Oct low C = 11.3
|Nov low C = 8.4
|Dec low C = 6.5
|year low C = 9.9
|Jan record low C = -3.0
|Feb record low C = -2.6
|Mar record low C = -2.4
|Apr record low C = -0.6
|May record low C = 2.0
|Jun record low C = 5.6
|Jul record low C = 8.0
|Aug record low C = 8.4
|Sep record low C = 6.5
|Oct record low C = 3.0
|Nov record low C = -0.8
|Dec record low C = -3.0
|year record low C = -3.0
|Jan precipitation mm = 103
|Feb precipitation mm = 88
|Mar precipitation mm = 82
|Apr precipitation mm = 99
|May precipitation mm = 79
|Jun precipitation mm = 61
|Jul precipitation mm = 47
|Aug precipitation mm = 60
|Sep precipitation mm = 73
|Oct precipitation mm = 116
|Nov precipitation mm = 134
|Dec precipitation mm = 117
|year precipitation mm = 1062
|Jan sun = 98
|Feb sun = 109
|Mar sun = 142
|Apr sun = 151
|May sun = 166
|Jun sun = 163
|Jul sun = 173
|Aug sun = 182
|Sep sun = 170
|Oct sun = 130
|Nov sun = 96
|Dec sun = 76
|year sun = 1670
|source 1 = [[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aemet.es/en/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/valoresclimatologicos?l=1212E&k=ast |title=Valores Climatológicos Normales. Asturias Aeropuerto |work=[[AEMET]] |access-date=17 March 2015}}</ref>
|date=March 2015
}}
|}
== 경제 ==
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