아삼 홍차: 두 판 사이의 차이
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{{차 정보
|차_이름=아쌈<br>Assam
|차_종류=[[홍차]], [[녹차]], [[백차]]
|차_구분=홍차
|차_그림=<!--[[Image:Assam.jpg|thumb|270px|This 1850 engraving shows the different stages in the process of making tea in Assam.]]-->
|차_원산지=[[인도]] [[아삼]]
|차_다른이름들=·
|차_주요특징=상쾌하며 맥아향에 약간의 과일 향도 풍김. 밝은 수색.
}}
'''아쌈 홍차'''(Assam)는 [[인도]] [[아삼]]지방에서 생산되는 홍차를 통칭하는 말이다. 해수면 고도에서 재배되는 아쌈 홍차는 상쾌한 맛과 맥아 향, 짙고 밝은 수색으로 잘 알려져 있다. 아쌈 홍차 또는 아쌈 홍차를 기반으로 블렌딩 된 홍차는 일반적으로 [[잉글리시 브렉퍼스트 티]], [[아이리시 브렉퍼스트 티]]나 [[스코티시 브렉퍼스트 티]] 등 “브렉퍼스트 티”로 판매된다.
아쌈에서는 홍차가 주로 생산되지만, 그 지역의 독특한 특색을 지닌 녹차나 백차도 홍차보다는 적은 양이지만 생산된다.
역사적으로 아쌈지역은 중국에 뒤이은 세계 제2의 홍차 생산지였다. 세계에서 중국과 아쌈 지역에만 천연 다원이 존재한다. 아쌈 홍차는 [[19세기]] 이래로 여러 다원에서 생산되는 다양한 종류의 홍차로, 끽다(喫茶) 제반에 혁명을 가져왔다.
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==Geography==
The tea plant (''[[Camellia sinensis]] var assamica'') is grown in the lowlands of Assam, unlike
[[Darjeeling_tea|Darjeelings]] and [[Nilgiri_tea|Nilgiris]] which are grown in the highlands.
==History==
There exists a 10th century CE [[Sanskrit]] medical text from Assam called ''Nidana'' that mentions leaves called ''shamapatra'' from which ''shamapani'' is made. Historians are conflicted as to whether this is the first mention of tea in India.
Before the commercialization of tea began in Assam, the leaves of the tea plant were chewed by the local villagers with little processing. This continues in certain inaccessible regions near Assam.--><!--if this occurs near Assam, in which states of India is it? Or in another neighboring country? ANS: In the southeast region of Assam, extending into Myanmar-->
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===Beginning===
Robert Bruce is said to have discovered the tea plant growing wild in the region. According to another account, the Assamese nobleman, Maniram Dewan, led Robert Bruce to the plant in [[1823]]. Before his death in [[1825]], Bruce passed on his knowledge to his brother Charles, who sent seeds of the plant to Calcutta in [[1831]]. In [[1833]] the British lost the monopoly of the Tea trade with [[China]] and the Tea Committee dispatched the secretary George Gordon to China to study the methods and begin tea plantation in Assam. He returned with the Chinese variety and workers. Imported labor from [[Bihar]] and [[Orissa]] would later form a significant demographic group in Assam. It was found that the local variety of plant was more suited to the local climate. Crossing with the Chinese tea plant led to Indian hybrid tea, which has great variability and vigour. This has been called the most important evolution of the commercial tea plant.
On [[May 8]], [[1838]] 350 pounds (159 kg) of Assam tea were dispatched to London, and sold at India House, [[London]] on [[January 10]], [[1839]]. Drinkers were impressed with the tea, and the tea industry in Assam was born. Charles Bruce and others, including Maniram Dewan, began clearing the jungles and establishing tea estates.
On [[February 26]], [[1858]] Maniram Dewan, the sole native tea planter, was hanged on charges of conspiracy and participation in the [[Sepoy Mutiny]] of [[1857]] against the British on the basis of an intercepted letter.
===Modern developments in the tea industry===
Today, Assam produces more than half the tea grown in India. On the international market, Assam Tea can be identified by the official logo chosen by the Tea Board of India. Most Assam tea is sold through the Auction Centre at [[Guwahati]].
Since the tea industry in Assam was established, most tea has been planted unselected by seed using the same practices as in the [[19th century]]. The industry continued to grow slowly but steadily during the [[20th century]].
In the [[1970s]] small scale tea cultivators with farms smaller than one hectare began growing tea. Cultivation on small farms increased during the [[1990s]] and today accounts for over 10% of the tea produced in Assam. Tea cultivation remains a vital industry in the region employing 17% of the workforce.
Recently, India's tea industry has faced a crisis with prices dropping due to reduced exports and domestic consumption. However, Assam tea exports to the [[United States]] are expected to increase as more Americans are drinking tea and seeking higher quality.
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==함께 읽기==
*[[홍차]]
*[[닐기리 홍차]]
*[[다질링 홍차]]
==바깥 고리==
*[http://www.teauction.com/industry/boards.asp Teauction.com의 인도홍차청 소개]
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==References==
*[http://northeast.nic.in/tea.htm Tea in North East India] Ministry of Development
*[http://www.southasiamonitor.org/economy/2004/sep/9eco2.shtml US to buy more Assam Tea] South Asia Monitor
*[http://www.plantcultures.org.uk/plants/tea_history.html Tea History] Plant Cultures
*[http://teaap2.indiateaportal.com/ Tea Board of India] (business information)
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[[분류:차]]
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