혼잣말

혼잣말(문화어: 혼자말, private speech)은 소통, 스스로에 대한 지도, 자기 행동 규제를 위해 스스로에게 말하는 말하기이다.^[1]^[2]^[3] 2살에서 약 7살 사이의 어린이들은 혼잣말을 하는 것이 관찰될 수 있다.^[1]^[2]^[3] 청각적으로 들리기는 하지만 누군가를 위해서라거나 누군가를 향해 이야기하는 의도는 아니다.^[4]^[5] 혼잣말은 레프 비고츠키(1934/1986년), 장 피아제(1959년)에 의해 처음 연구되었다. 지난 30년 간 혼잣말은 여러 연구가들로부터 새로워진 집중을 받아왔다.^[6] 연구가들은 어린이들이 혼잣말을 하는 것과 자신의 작업 성취도 간의 긍정적인 상관관계를 지적해왔으며^[7]^[8]^[9] 이는 비고츠키에 의해 이전에 지적된 사실이다.^[2] 어린이들이 등교를 시작할 무렵에는 혼잣말을 하는 일이 줄다가 더 이상 혼잣말을 하는 일이 없어진다.^[10]

각주 편집

↑ ^가 ^나 Manning, B. H. (1991). 《Cognitive self-instruction for classroom processes》. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-471-92573-X.
↑ ^가 ^나 ^다 Vygotsky, L. S. (1986). 《Thought and language (A. Kozulin, Trans.)》. The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-72010-8.
↑ ^가 ^나 Winsler, A.; Diaz, R. M.; Montero, I. (1997). “The role of private speech in the transition from collaborative to independent task performance in young children”. 《Early Childhood Research Quarterly》 12: 59–79. doi:10.1016/S0885-2006(97)90043-0.
↑ Piaget, J (1959). 《The language and thought of the child》. Psychology Press. ISBN 0-415-26750-1.
↑ White, C. S.; Manning, B. H. (1994). “The effects of verbal scaffolding instruction on young children's private speech and problem- solving capabilities”. 《Instructional Science》 22: 39–59. doi:10.1007/BF00889522.
↑ Deniz, C. B. (2001a, April). History of research methods in private speech. Session presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement and Evaluation, Seattle, WA.
↑ Azmitia, M. (1992). Diaz, R.M.; Berk, L. E., 편집. 《Private speech: From social interaction to self-regulation》. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. 101–122쪽. ISBN 0-8058-0886-8.
↑ Bivens, J. A., & Berk, L. E. (1990). A longitudinal study of the development of elementary school children's private speech. Merrill Palmer Quarterly, 36, 443-463.
↑ Lee, J. (1999). The effects of 5-year-old preschoolers' use of private speech on performance and attention for two kinds of problem solving tasks. Dissertation Abstracts International, 60, 06A. (UMI No. AAG99-32671) Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=search.displayRecord&id=8C268414-FC03-A15F-F5B1-6FB5BA434089&resultID=1&page=1&dbTab=all
↑ Kohlberg, Lawrence; Yaeger, Judy; Hjertholm, Else (1968). “Private Speech: Four Studies and a Review of Theories”. 《Child Development》 39 (3): 691–736. doi:10.2307/1126979. ISSN 1467-8624. JSTOR 1126979 – JSTOR 경유. (가입 필요).

[Manning-1] 가 ^나 Manning, B. H. (1991). 《Cognitive self-instruction for classroom processes》. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-471-92573-X.

[Vygotsky-2] 가 ^나 ^다 Vygotsky, L. S. (1986). 《Thought and language (A. Kozulin, Trans.)》. The MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-72010-8.

[Winsler-3] 가 ^나 Winsler, A.; Diaz, R. M.; Montero, I. (1997). “The role of private speech in the transition from collaborative to independent task performance in young children”. 《Early Childhood Research Quarterly》 12: 59–79. doi:10.1016/S0885-2006(97)90043-0.

[Piaget-4] Piaget, J (1959). 《The language and thought of the child》. Psychology Press. ISBN 0-415-26750-1.

[5] White, C. S.; Manning, B. H. (1994). “The effects of verbal scaffolding instruction on young children's private speech and problem- solving capabilities”. 《Instructional Science》 22: 39–59. doi:10.1007/BF00889522.

[6] Deniz, C. B. (2001a, April). History of research methods in private speech. Session presented at the annual meeting of the National Council on Measurement and Evaluation, Seattle, WA.

[7] Azmitia, M. (1992). Diaz, R.M.; Berk, L. E., 편집. 《Private speech: From social interaction to self-regulation》. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. 101–122쪽. ISBN 0-8058-0886-8.

[8] Bivens, J. A., & Berk, L. E. (1990). A longitudinal study of the development of elementary school children's private speech. Merrill Palmer Quarterly, 36, 443-463.

[9] Lee, J. (1999). The effects of 5-year-old preschoolers' use of private speech on performance and attention for two kinds of problem solving tasks. Dissertation Abstracts International, 60, 06A. (UMI No. AAG99-32671) Retrieved from http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=search.displayRecord&id=8C268414-FC03-A15F-F5B1-6FB5BA434089&resultID=1&page=1&dbTab=all

[10] Kohlberg, Lawrence; Yaeger, Judy; Hjertholm, Else (1968). “Private Speech: Four Studies and a Review of Theories”. 《Child Development》 39 (3): 691–736. doi:10.2307/1126979. ISSN 1467-8624. JSTOR 1126979 – JSTOR 경유. (가입 필요).

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