사용자:이강철/번역장

2014년 인도네시아 총선거는 인도네시아에서 2014년 4월 9일에 실시된 선거로, 560명의 인민대표의회(하원) 의원과 136명의 지역대표의회 의원과, 주 및 군의 의회 의원을 선출하는 선거이다.^[1] 인도네시아 국외에 있는 유권자는 선거위원회에의 결정에 따라 거주중인 국가별로 4월 5일 또는 6일에 재외투표가 실시되었다.

Seats up for election 편집

Legislative elections in Indonesia: April 2014^[2]
Level	Institution	Seats contested
National	People's Representative Council Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR)	560
National	Regional Representative Council Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPD)	132
Province Provinsi	People's Regional Representative Council Level I Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah I (DPRD I)	2,112
Regency Kabupaten/Kota	People's Regional Representative Council Level II Dewan Perwakilian Rakyat Daerah II (DPRD II)	16,895
	Total	20,389

Parties contesting the elections 편집

A total of 46 parties registered to take part in the election nationwide, from which only 12 parties (plus 3 Aceh parties) passed the requirements set by the General Elections Commission (KPU). To contest the elections, all parties had to have

A branch office and branch in every province
A branch office and branch in at least 75% of the regencies or municipalities in every province
A branch (but not necessarily a permanent office) in at least 50% of the districts in every regency or municipality
At least 1,000 registered members

In addition, at least one third of each party's candidates had to be female.^[2]

Initially all parties with seats in the People's Representative Council were to be allowed to contest the election without the need for verification, but on 29 August 2012, Indonesia's Constitutional Court overturned this provision, obliging all parties to undergo the process.^[3]

The results of this election were instrumental to the presidential election in July due to the requirement that a presidential ticket had to be supported by a party or a coalition of parties winning at least 20% of the seats or 25% of the popular votes in the legislative election.

The 12 national and 3 Aceh parties, together with their ballot numbers were:

National Democratic Party (Partai Nasional Demokrat, Nasdem)
National Awakening Party (Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa, PKB)
Prosperous Justice Party (Partai Keadilan Sejahtera, PKS)
Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle (Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan, PDI–P)
Party of the Functional Groups (Partai Golongan Karya, Golkar)
Great Indonesia Movement Party (Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya, Gerindra)
Democratic Party (Partai Demokrat, PD)
National Mandate Party (Partai Amanat Nasional, PAN)
United Development Party (Partai Persatuan Pembangunan, PPP)
People's Conscience Party (Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat, Hanura)
Aceh Peace Party (Partai Damai Aceh, PDA)
Aceh National Party (Partai Nasional Aceh, PNA)
Aceh Party (Partai Aceh, PA)
Crescent Star Party (Partai Bulan Bintang, PBB)
Indonesian Justice and Unity Party (Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia, PKPI)

Election schedule 편집

A polling station used for the 2014 Indonesian legislative elections. The four ballot boxes are at the front, while the voting booths are at the rear.

The schedule for the elections, as determined by the Indonesian General Elections Commission is as follows:^[4]

Date	Event
9 August 2012	Voter registration begins
9–15 April 2013	Registration of candidates for the DPR, DPD and DPRD
4 August 2013	Publication of final list of DPR candidates
16 August 2013	Publication of provisional electoral roll
16 March 2014	Start of election campaign
6–8 April 2014	Quiet period - no campaigning allowed
9 April 2014	Election day
7–9 May 2014	Announcement of results
11–17 May 2014	Announcement of seat allocations
1 October 2014	DPR and DPD members sworn in

Electoral system 편집

On polling day, voters were given four ballot papers, one each for the national People's Representative Council (DPR) and Regional Representative Council (DPD) and one each for their local provincial and regency/municipality Regional Representative Councils (DPRD I and DPRD II). Candidates for the DPR and DPRDI/II stand on a party platform. The ballot papers had a section for each of the parties with the party number and symbol. Under the symbols, that parties candidates were listed. Voters could vote for just the party, or one of the candidates (or both) by punching a hole in the ballot paper with the tool provided. Candidates for the DPD stood on an individual basis, so voters simply needed to punch a hole in the candidate's picture, ballot number or name.^[5]

Allocation of seats 편집

For the People's Representative Council (DPR) election each province was divided into between one and eleven electoral districts depending on population. Each of these electoral districts elected between three and ten members by proportional representation with a 3.5% national threshold.^[5]

Province	DPR seats	Electoral districts
Aceh	13	2
North Sumatra	30	3
West Sumatra	14	2
Riau	11	2
Riau Islands	3	1
Jambi	7	1
South Sumatra	17	2
Bangka–Belitung Islands	3	1
Bengkulu	4	1
Lampung	18	2
Jakarta	21	3
West Java	91	11
Banten	22	3
Central Java	77	10
Yogyakarta	8	1
East Java	87	11
Bali	9	1
West Nusa Tenggara	10	1
East Nusa Tenggara	13	2
West Kalimantan	10	1
Central Kalimantan	6	1
South Kalimantan	11	2
East Kalimantan	8	1
North Sulawesi	6	1
Gorontalo	3	1
Central Sulawesi	6	1
South Sulawesi	24	3
Southeast Sulawesi	5	1
West Sulawesi	3	1
Maluku	4	1
North Maluku	3	1
Papua	10	1
West Papua	3	1
Total	560	77

Once the votes were counted, the General Elections Commission eliminated any party that had failed to obtain a 3.5% share of the national vote. It then allocated seats in the People's Representative Council via a two-stage process. First the number of votes to secure one DPR seat in each electoral district was calculated by dividing the number of valid votes by the number of seats to be elected in each district. Each party's vote in each district was divided by this amount to determine the number of seats won outright. Any party with less than this amount won no seats in this first stage. The remaining votes were then used to determine which party won any seats so far unallocated by awarding these seats to the parties with the largest remainders until all seats were allocated.^[2]

For the Regional Representative Council (DPD) each province, regardless of size and population, returns 4 members. The candidates for DPD stood independently. Voters were given one and only one vote. The system used is Single Non-Transferable Vote.

Only parties with at least 25 percent of the popular vote or that control 20 percent of seats in the DPR were able to nominate candidates for the presidential election. Parties that did not achieve this percentage had to form a coalition with other parties to make up the required percentage share to nominate a candidate.^[6]

Opinion polls 편집

Numerous opinion polls have been done by many different pollsters to gauge the voting intention of the electorate. However, many of them are regarded to be unreliable.^[7] The quality of polling in Indonesia varies considerably. Further, some of the polling institutions provide little information about their polling methods. The data set out below should therefore be treated with care.

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Demokrat	Golkar	PDI-P	PKS	PAN	PPP	PKB	Gerindra	Hanura	Nasdem	PBB	PKPI	Und.	Lead
Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	style="background:틀:Democratic Party (Indonesia)/meta/color" \|	style="background:틀:Golongan Karya/meta/color" \|	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color" \|	style="background:틀:Prosperous Justice Party/meta/color" \|	style="background:틀:National Mandate Party/meta/color" \|	style="background:틀:United Development Party/meta/color" \|	style="background:틀:National Awakening Party/meta/color" \|	style="background:틀:Great Indonesia Movement Party/meta/color" \|	style="background:틀:People's Conscience Party/meta/color" \|	style="background:틀:Nasdem Party/meta/color" \|	style="background:틀:Crescent Star Party/meta/color" \|		Und.	Lead
2009 election	9 April 2009	104,048,118	20.85%	14.45%	14.03%	7.88%	6.01%	5.32%	4.94%	4.46%	3.77%	–	1.79%	0.90%	15.60%	style="background:틀:Democratic Party (Indonesia)/meta/color; color:white" \|6.40%
LSI (Lingkaran)	1–8 March 2013	1,200	11.7%	22.2%	18.8%	3.7%	4.0%	4.0%	4.5%	7.3%	2.6%	4.5%	–	–	16.7%	style="background:틀:Golongan Karya/meta/color" \|3.4%
LSN	26 February–15 March 2013	1,230	4.3%	19.2%	20.5%	4.6%	4.1%	3.4%	4.1%	11.9%	6.2%	5.3%	0.4%	0.2%	15.8%	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|1.3%
LKP	20–30 March 2013	1,225	7.8%	19.2%	18.8%	5.1%	4.6%	3.9%	4.4%	10.5%	8.1%	6.3%	0.9%	0.3%	10.1%	style="background:틀:Golongan Karya/meta/color" \|0.4%
LSN	1–10 May 2013	1,230	6.1%	19.7%	18.3%	3.8%	3.8%	4.3%	4.6%	13.9%	6.9%	4.8%	1.4%	0.05%	11.9%	style="background:틀:Golongan Karya/meta/color" \|1.4%
LIPI	10–31 May 2013	1,799	11.1%	14.5%	14.9%	2.6%	2.5%	2.9%	5.6%	7.4%	1.9%	2.2%	0.6%	0.3%	31.1%	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|0.4%
IRC	May 2013	-	7.5%	12.2%	14.7%	2.8%	2.8%	2.4%	2.8%	11.1%	4.0%	4.5%	0.4%	0.3%	-	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|3.6%
PDB	11–18 June 2013	1,200	9.4%	14.1%	14.53%	1.2%	2.56%	2.31%	2.56%	8.89%	1.03%	3.33%	0.34%	0.09%	21.11%	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|0.43%
IRC	8–11 July 2013	794	7.66%	7.00%	17.96%	3.30%	1.45%	0.9%	1.19%	6.61%	5.95%	2.11%	1.4%	1.5%	44.1%	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|10.30%
Kompas	July 2013	1,400	10.1%	16.0%	23.6%	2.20%	2.5%	4.2%	5.7%	13.6%	2.7%	4.1%	–	–	13.4%	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|7.6%
Alvara	15–23 August 2013	1,532	7.4%	8.4%	14.8%	3.4%	2.1%	2.2%	1.7%	12.5%	3.8%	4.6%	0.1%	0.1%	39.0%	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|2.3%
SSSG	25 August–9 September 2013	1,250	10.3%	5.0%	13.6%	2.9%	2.7%	0.9%	0.6%	5.6%	2.2%	1.9%	0.9%	0.1%	–	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|3.3%
LSI (Lingkaran)	12 September–5 October 2013	1,200	9.8%	20.4%	18.7%	4.4%	5.2%	4.6%	4.6%	6.6%	3.4%	2.0%	0.6%	0.3%	19.4%	style="background:틀:Golongan Karya/meta/color" \|1.7%
Pol-Tracking Institute	13 September–11 October 2013	2,010	8.8%	16.9%	18.5%	2.9%	2.0%	3.4%	4.6%	6.6%	3.5%	2.1%	0.7%	0.1%	-	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|2.4%
Indikator	10–20 October 2013	1,200 (400)	9.2%	17.5%	21.6%	3.1%	1.2%	4.7%	4.5%	9.1%	4.1%	3.7%	0.9%	0%	20.3%	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|4.1%
Indikator (if Joko Widodo runs)	10–20 October 2013	1,200 (400)	8.8%	16.9%	37.8%	0.6%	2.5%	3.6%	2.5%	6.6%	3.5%	1.4%	0.3%	0%	21.1%	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|20.9%
Morgan	October 2013	2,985	15%	21%	24%	5%	5%	2%	7%	12%	5%	2%	1%	–	1%	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|3%
Morgan	November 2013	2,960	14%	21%	29%	5%	5%	2%	5%	12%	5%	2%	0%	–	–	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|8%
Charta Politika	28 November–6 December 2013	2,010	7.4%	12.6%	15.8%	3.8%	4.4%	3.8%	5.9%	7.8%	4.1%	3.9%	0.4%	0.3%	29.7%	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|3.2%
Indo Barometer	4–15 December 2013	1,200	5.4%	14.2%	28.8%	2.5%	4.2%	2.1%	7.1%	9.2%	2.5%	0.8%	0.4%	0.0%	22.9	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|14.6%
Pol-Tracking Institute	16–23 December 2013	1,200	7.92%	15.93%	22.44%	3.00%	2.67%	4.50%	4.59%	8.67%	4.25%	2.50%	0.25%	0.00%	23.27%	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|6.49%
Kompas	December 2013	1,380-1,400	7.2%	16.5%	21.8%	2.3%	3.2%	2.4%	5.1%	11.1%	6.6%	6.9%	1.1%	0.1%	6.7%	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|5.3%
Morgan	December 2013	2,144	14%	20%	26%	4%	5%	2%	6%	12%	6%	3%	1%	–	1%	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|6%
LSI (Lingkaran)	6–16 January 2014	1,200	4.7%	18.3%	18.2%	2.2%	3.3%	3.6%	3.7%	8.7%	4.0%	2.0%	0.7%	0.5%	30.1%	style="background:틀:Golongan Karya/meta/color" \|0.1%
LSJ	12–26 January 2014	1,240	6.12%	17.74%	19.83%	3.87%	4.51%	4.83%	4.67%	12.58%	6.85%	6.94%	1.20%	0.24%	10.62%	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|2.09%
Morgan	January 2014	3,000	11%	20%	27%	4%	5%	2%	7%	14%	6%	2%	1%	–	1%	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|7%
Median	28 January–15 February 2014	1,500	5.7%	17.8%	21.4%	5.1%	3.5%	4.9%	5.0%	6.2%	4.8%	3.6%	1.1%	0.1%	20.8%	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|3.6%
Morgan	February 2014	2,934	10%	20%	29%	4%	4%	2%	6%	15%	7%	2%	1%	–	–	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|9%
LKP	26 February–4 March 2014	1,240	6.7%	18.1%	21.8%	3.7%	3.3%	3.5%	5.7%	11.1%	11.3%	3.1%	1.1%	0.3%	10.3%	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|3.7%
Charta Politika	1–8 March 2014	1,200	8.0%	16.4%	21.2%	3.2%	4.5%	5.1%	7.2%	12.0%	4.8%	2.6%	0.4%	0.1%	14.5%	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|4.8%
Morgan	1–15 March 2014	2,300	11%	22%	27%	4%	4%	3%	3%	17%	6%	2%	1%	–	–	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|5%
Morgan	16–30 March 2014	1,965	10%	17%	37%	4%	4%	2%	3%	14%	6%	3%	–	–	–	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|20%
JSI	24–30 March 2014	1,200	9.0%	18.0%	24.7%	4.3%	6.5%	5.4%	7.9%	11.8%	6.1%	4.4%	0.9%	0.9%	–	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|6.7%
Election results	9 April 2014	124,972,491	10.19%	14.75%	18.95%	6.79%	7.59%	6.53%	9.04%	11.81%	5.26%	6.72%	1.46%	0.91%	–	style="background:틀:Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle/meta/color; color:white" \|4.20%

Results 편집

Indonesian Democratic Party – Struggle won the election by 18.95% votes, followed by Golkar with 14.75% votes and Great Indonesia Movement Party with 11.81% vote. However, neither of the parties can submit their own presidential candidate for the next 2014 Indonesian presidential election because none of them reached the electoral threshold for the presidential election, 20%.틀:Indonesian legislative election, 2014

Popular vote

PDI–P			18.95%
Golkar			14.75%
Gerindra			11.81%
Demokrat			10.19%
PKB			9.04%
PAN			7.59%
PKS			6.79%
Nasdem			6.72%
PPP			6.53%
Hanura			5.26%
Other			2.37%

DPR seats

PDI–P			19.46%
Golkar			16.25%
Gerindra			13.04%
Demokrat			10.89%
PAN			8.75%
PKB			8.39%
PKS			7.14%
PPP			6.96%
Nasdem			6.25%
Hanura			2.86%

The disproportionality of the Indonesian People's Representative Council in the 2014 election was 3.02 according to the Gallagher Index, mainly between Hanura and the minor parties.