사용자:이형주/베트남 동

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이형주/베트남 동
500,000 đồng 500 đồng 500,000 đồng 500 đồng
ISO 4217 코드	VND
사용국	베트남 사회주의 공화국

베트남 동(/ˈdɒŋ/; 베트남어: [ɗôŋm]) (기호: ₫; 코드: VND)은 베트남의 통화 단위로, 1978년 5월 3일부터 베트남의 공식 통화가 되었다. 베트남 동은 베트남 국영 은행에 의해 발행된다. 기호는 "₫"이다. 이전에, it was subdivided into 10 hào, which was further subdivided into 10 xu, neither of which is now used.

어원

The word đồng is from the term đồng tiền ("money"), a cognate of the Chinese tóng qián (Traditional Chinese: 銅錢; Simplified Chinese: 铜钱). The term refers to Chinese bronze coins used as currency during the dynastic periods of China and Vietnam. The term hào is a cognate of the Chinese háo (Chinese: 毫), meaning a tenth of a currency unit.

The sign is encoded U+20AB ₫ dong sign (HTML: ₫).

역사

북베트남

 이 부분의 본문은 북베트남 동입니다.

In 1946, the Viet Minh government (later to become the government of North Vietnam) introduced its own currency, the đồng, to replace the French Indochinese piastre at par. Two revaluations followed, in 1951 and 1958; the first was at a rate of 100:1, the second at a rate of 1000:1.

남베트남

 이 부분의 본문은 남베트남 동입니다.

Notes dually denominated in piastres and đồng were issued in 1953 for the State of Vietnam, which evolved into South Vietnam in 1954. On September 22, 1975, after the fall of Saigon, the currency in South Vietnam was changed to a "liberation đồng" worth 500 old Southern đồng.

통일된 베트남

After Vietnam was reunified, the đồng was also unified, on May 3, 1978. One new đồng equalled one Northern đồng or 0.8 Southern "liberation" đồng.

On September 14, 1985, the đồng was revalued, with the new đồng worth 10 old đồng. This started a cycle of chronic inflation that continued through much of the early 1990s.

동전

첫 번째 동

In 1978, aluminium coins (dated 1976), were introduced in denominations of 1, 2, and 5 hào and 1 đồng. The coins were minted by the Berlin mint in the German Democratic Republic. Due to chronic inflation, no coins circulated for many years.

두 번째 동

기념 발행

Commemorative coins in copper, brass, copper-nickel, silver, and gold have been emitted since 1986, but none has ever been in circulation.

2003년 발행

The State Bank of Vietnam resumed issuing coins on December 17, 2003. The new coins, minted by the Mint of Finland, were in denominations of 200, 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 5,000 đồng. Earlier, Vietnamese had to exchange banknotes for tokens with a clerk before purchasing goods from vending machines. Many residents expressed excitement at seeing coins reappear after many years, as well as concern for the usefulness of the 200 đồng coins.

2003 Series
Image	Value	Technical parameters				Description		Date of
		Diameter	Thickness	Mass	Composition	Obverse	Reverse	first minting	issue
[1]	200₫	20 mm	1.45 mm	3.2 g	Steel plated with nickel	Coat of arms	Denomination	2003	December 17, 2003
파일:500 dong.jpg	500₫	22 mm	1.75 mm	4.5 g	Steel plated with nickel				April 1, 2004
[2]	1,000₫	19 mm	1.95 mm	3.8 g	Steel plated with a copper-zinc alloy	Coat of arms	Water Temple, Đô Temple	2003	December 17, 2003
[3]	2,000₫	23.5 mm	1.8 mm	5.1 g	Steel plated with a copper-zinc alloy		Ethnic house		April 1, 2004
	5,000₫	25.5 mm	2.2 mm	7.7 g	Copper alloy (Cu Al6Ni92)		Một Cột Pagoda (One Pillar Pagoda)		December 17, 2003
틀:Standard coin table notice

Banknotes

First đồng

In 1978, the State Bank of Vietnam (Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam) introduced notes in denominations of 5 hào, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 đồng dated 1976. In 1980, 2 and 10 đồng notes were added, followed by 30 and 100 đồng notes in 1981.

Second đồng

In 1985, notes were introduced in denominations of 5 hào, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 100, and 500 đồng. As inflation became endemic, these first banknotes were followed by 200, 1,000, 2,000, and 5,000 đồng notes in 1987, by 10,000 and 50,000 đồng notes in 1990, by a 20,000 đồng note in 1991, a 100,000 đồng note in 1994, a 500,000 đồng note in 2003, and a 200,000 đồng note in 2006.

Five banknote series have appeared. Except for the current series, dated 2003, all were confusing to the user and lacked a unified themes in their designs. The first table below shows the latest banknotes, of 100 đồng or higher, prior to the current series.

On June 7, 2007, the government ordered cessation of the issuance of the cotton 50,000 and 100,000₫ notes. They were taken out of circulation by September 1, 2007. 10,000 and 20,000₫ cotton notes are no longer in circulation as of January 1, 2013.

Pre-2003 Banknotes in Circulation
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Color	Description		Date of
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse	printing	issue
		100₫	120 × 59 mm	Brown on green background	National designs	Phổ Minh Pagoda	1991	May 2, 1992
		200₫	130 × 65 mm	Orange	Ho Chi Minh	Agricultural production	1987	September 30, 1987
		500₫	130 × 65 mm	Pink		Port Haiphong	1988	August 15, 1989
		1,000₫	134 × 65 mm	Multicolor on lime background		Lumber productions		October 20, 1989
		2,000₫	134 × 65 mm	Multicolor		Textile factory
		5,000₫	134 × 65 mm	Blue		Trị An hydropower plant	1991	January 15, 1993
		10,000₫	140 × 68 mm	Red		Halong Bay	1993	October 15, 1994
		20,000₫	140 × 68 mm	Blue		Canned food factory	1991	March 2, 1993
		50,000₫	140 × 68 mm	Green		Nhà Rồng Port	1994	October 15, 1994
		100,000₫	145 × 71 mm	Brown		Ho Chi Minh's ethnic house		September 1, 2000

Since 2003, Vietnam has replaced its cotton banknotes with plastic polymer banknotes, which it claims will reduce costs. Many newspapers in the country criticized these changes, citing mistakes in printing and alleging that the son of the governor of the State Bank of Vietnam benefited from printing contracts. The government clamped down on these criticisms by banning two newspapers from publishing for a month and considering other sanctions against other newspapers.

2003 Polymer Series
Image		Value	Dimensions	Main Color	Description		Date of
Obverse	Reverse				Obverse	Reverse	printing	issue
[4]	[5]	10,000₫	132 × 60mm	Dark brown on greenish yellow	Ho Chi Minh	Offshore platform	First 2 digits of serial	August 30, 2006
[6]	[7]	20,000₫	136 × 65 mm	Blue		Covered bridge in Hoi An		May 17, 2006
[8]	[9]	50,000₫	140 × 65 mm	Pink		Huế		December 17, 2003
[10]	[11]	100,000₫	144 × 65 mm	Yellowish green		Temple of Literature		September 1, 2004
[12]	[13]	200,000₫	148 × 65mm	Brownish-red		Halong Bay		August 30, 2006
[14]	[15]	500,000₫	152 × 65 mm	Cyan-Green		Ho Chi Minh's birthplace in Kim Lien		December 17, 2003
틀:Standard banknote table notice

A commemorative polymer 50-đồng banknote dedicated to the fiftieth anniversary of the State Bank of Vietnam was issued in 2001, but its face value is so tiny that it clearly was meant only for collectors. The note usually comes in a presentation folder.

Bearer's checks 1992-2002

To support growing industrial need for large money transactions, the State Bank issued "Bearer's Checks" or "State Bank Settlement Checks" (Ngân Phiếu Thanh Toán) in denominations from 100,000 to 5,000,000 đồng. To prevent counterfeiting, these notes had many degrees of protection, their designs were changed every five to six months, and they had expiration dates five or six months after the date of issue. The checks worked until the banking system was upgraded to handle electronic transfers of large amounts of đồng, making most large cash transactions unnecessary.

Other uses of đồng

In the Vietnamese language, "đồng" can be used as a generic term for any currency by adding the name of a country as a qualifier. This practice is more common for more esoteric units of currency. In some overseas Vietnamese-speaking communities, notably among Vietnamese Americans, it is used to denote the local currency (United States dollars), and one must refer to Vietnamese đồng as đồng Việt Nam ("Vietnamese đồng"). Similarly, hào and xu are occasionally used to translate the American "dime" and "cent", respectively, into Vietnamese.

In present-day Vietnam, because the value of the currency is so small, one đồng could also be understood as one thousand đồng.

환율

After the revaluation of the Zimbabwean dollar on 1 August 2006, the đồng became the least valued currency unit for months. Around 21 March 2007, the revalued Zimbabwean dollar regained least valued currency status (in terms of black market exchange rate), and on 7 September 2007 in terms of official exchange rate.

See also

• Vietnamese cash
• VND Index
• Economy of Vietnam

References

• Krause, Chester L., and Clifford Mishler (1991). 《Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1801–1991》 18판. Krause Publications. ISBN 0873411501.  CS1 관리 - 여러 이름 (링크)
• Pick, Albert (1994). 《Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: General Issues》. Colin R. Bruce II and Neil Shafer (editors) 7판. Krause Publications. ISBN 0-87341-207-9. 

External links

• Vietnamese Dong
• Current exchange rates
• Coins and Banknotes of Vietnam and French Indochina
• VND Index, a measure of global strength of Vietnam Dong
• Vietnam money through time
• Bringing money to Vietnam

First đồng

전임: North Vietnamese đồng 지역: North Vietnam 이유: currency unification 비율: at par	Vietnam의 통화 1978 – 1985 참고: banknotes are dated 1976	후임: Second đồng 이유: inflation 비율: 1 second đồng = 10 first đồng
전임: South Vietnamese liberation đồng 지역: South Vietnam 이유: currency unification 비율: 1 new đồng = 0.8 liberation đồng
전임: Moneyless economy 이유: Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia 비고: It is unclear whether the North, the South đồng, or nothing at all was used after the invasion in January 1980 and before the issuance of a united đồng in May	Cambodia의 통화 1978 – 1980 공용: Thai baht and some other foreign currencies, to some extent	후임: Cambodian riel 이유: reintroduction of a national currency 비율: 1 riel = 3 đồng = 0.25 U.S. dollar = 1kg rice

Second đồng

전임: First đồng 이유: inflation 비율: 1 second đồng = 10 first đồng

Vietnam의 통화 1985 –

후임: 현재