베시 스미스
미국 블루스 가수
베시 스미스(Bessie Smith, 1894년 4월 15일 ~ 1937년 9월 26일)는 재즈 시대에 널리 알려진 미국의 블루스 가수이다. 별명은 Empress of the Blues였으며 1930년대와 1950년대의 가장 대중적인 여성 블루스 가수였다. 그녀의 시대에서 가장 위대한 가수들 가운데 한 명으로 인식되곤 하며 동료 블루스 가수들과 재즈 보컬리스트에 큰 영향을 미쳤다.[1]
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미국 테네시주 채터누가에서 태어난 스미스는 어려서 부모를 일찍 여의고 그녀와 형제자매는 거리 모서리에서 공연을 함으로써 생계를 이어나갔다. 마 레이니가 소속된 단체에서 투어와 공연을 시작했으며 이후 그녀 자신만의 길을 걸어나갔다. 콜럼비아 레코드와의 성공적인 레코딩 경력이 1920년대에 시작되었으나 자동차 사고로 인해 43세 나이로 사망했다.
히트 레코드 편집
1936년까지 미국에서 공식적인 레코드 차트는 존재하지 않는다.
| 연도 | 싱글 | 미국 팝[2][nb 1] |
|---|---|---|
| 1923 | "Downhearted Blues" | 1 |
| "Gulf Coast Blues" | 5 | |
| "Aggravatin' Papa" | 12 | |
| "Baby Won't You Please Come Home" | 6 | |
| "T'ain't Nobody's Biz-Ness if I Do" | 9 | |
| 1925 | "The St. Louis Blues" | 3 |
| "Careless Love Blues" | 5 | |
| "I Ain't Gonna Play No Second Fiddle" | 8 | |
| 1926 | "I Ain't Got Nobody" | 8 |
| "Lost Your Head Blues" | 5 | |
| 1927 | "After You've Gone" | 7 |
| "Alexander's Ragtime Band" | 17 | |
| 1928 | "A Good Man Is Hard to Find" | 13 |
| "Empty Bed Blues" | 20 | |
| 1929 | "Nobody Knows You When You're Down and Out" | 15 |
78 RPM Singles — Columbia Records
| A-3844 | "Gulf Coast Blues" | 1923-02-16 |
| A-3844 | "Down Hearted Blues" | 1923-02-16 |
| A-3877 | "Aggravatin' Papa" | 1923-04-11 |
| A-3877 | "Beale Street Mama" | 1923-04-11 |
| A-3888 | "Baby Won't You Please Come Home" | 1923-04-11 |
| A-3888 | "Oh Daddy Blues" | 1923-04-11 |
| A-3898 | "Keeps on A Rainin All Time" | 1923-02-16 |
| A-3898 | "Tain't Nobody's Bizness if I Do" | 1923-04-26 |
| A-3900 | "Outside of That" | 1923-04-30 |
| A-3900 | "Mama's Got the Blues" | 1923-04-30 |
| A-3936 | "Bleeding Hearted Blues" | 1923-06-14 |
| A-3936 | "Midnight Blues" | 1923-06-15 |
| A-3939 | "Yodeling Blues" | 1923-06-14 |
| A-3939 | "Lady Luck Blues" | 1923-06-14 |
| A-3942 | "If You Don't, I Know Who Will" | 1923-06-21 |
| A-3942 | "Nobody in Town Can Bake a Jelly Roll Like My Man" | 1923-06-22 |
| A-4001 | "Jail House Blues" | 1923-09-21 |
| A-4001 | "Graveyard Dream Blues" | 1923-09-26 |
| 13000 D | "Whoa, Tillie, Take Your Time" | 1923-10-24 |
| 13000 D | "My Sweetie Went Away" | 1923-10-24 |
| 13001 D | "Cemetery Blues" | 1923-09-26 |
| 13001 D | "Any Woman's Blues" | 1923-10-16 |
| 13005 D | "St Louis Gal" | 1923-09-24 |
| 13005 D | "Sam Jones' Blues" | 1923-09-24 |
| 13007 D | "I'm Going Back to My Used to Be" | 1923-10-04 |
| 13007 D | "Far Away Blues" | 1923-10-04 |
| 14000 D | "Mistreatin' Daddy" | 1923-12-04 |
| 14000 D | "Chicago Bound Blues" | 1923-12-04 |
| 14005 D | "Frosty Mornin' Blues" | 1924-01-08 |
| 14005 D | "Easy Come Easy Go Blues" | 1924-01-10 |
| 14010 D | "Eavesdropper Blues" | 1924-01-09 |
| 14010 D | "Haunted House Blues" | 1924-01-09 |
| 14018 D | "Boweavil Blues" | 1924-04-07 |
| 14018 D | "Moonshine Blues" | 1924-04-09 |
| 14020 D | "Sorrowful Blues" | 1924-04-04 |
| 14020 D | "Rocking Chair Blues" | 1924-04-04 |
| 14023 D | "Frankie Blues" | 1924-04-08 |
| 14023 D | "Hateful Blues" | 1924-04-08 |
| 14025 D | "Pinchbacks, Take 'em Away" | 1924-04-04 |
| 14025 D | "Ticket Agent Easy Your Window Down" | 1924-04-05 |
| 14031 D | "Louisiana Low Down Blues" | 1924-07-22 |
| 14031 D | "Mountain Top Blues" | 1924-07-22 |
| 14032 D | "House Rent Blues" | 1924-07-23 |
| 14032 D | "Work House Blues" | 1924-07-23 |
| 14037 D | "Rainy Weather Blues" | 1924-08-08 |
| 14037 D | "Salt Water Blues" | 1924-07-31 |
| 14042 D | "Bye Bye Blues" | 1924-09-26 |
| 14042 D | "Weeping Willow Blues" | 1924-09-26 |
| 14051 D | "Dying Gambler's Blues" | 1924-12-06 |
| 14051 D | "Sing Sing Prison Blues" | 1924-12-06 |
| 14052 D | "Follow the Deal on Down" | 1924-12-04 |
| 14052 D | "Sinful Blues" | 1924-11-11 |
| 14056 D | "Reckless Blues" | 1925-01-14 |
| 14056 D | "Sobbin' Hearted Blues" | 1925-01-14 |
| 14060 D | "Love Me Daddy Blues" | 1924-12-12 |
| 14060 D | "Woman's Trouble Blues" | 1924-12-12 |
| 14064 D | "Cold in Hand Blues" | 1925-01-14 |
| 14064 D | "St Louis Blues" | 1925-01-14 |
| 14075 D | "Yellow Dog Blues" | 1925-05-06 |
| 14075 D | "Soft Pedal Blues" | 1925-05-14 |
| 14079 D | "Dixie Flyer Blues" | 1925-05-15 |
| 14079 D | "You've Been a Good Ole Wagon" | 1925-01-14 |
| 14083 D | "Careless Love" | 1925-05-26 |
| 14083 D | "He's Gone Blues" | 1925-06-23 |
| 14090 D | "I Ain't Goin' to Play No Second Fiddle" | 1925-05-27 |
| 14090 D | "Nashville Women's Blues" | 1925-05-27 |
| 14095 D | "I Ain't Got Nobody" | 1925-08-19 |
| 14095 D | "J.C.Holmes Blues" | 1925-05-27 |
| 14098 D | "My Man Blues" | 1925-09-01 |
| 14098 D | "Nobody's Blues but Mine" | 1925-08-19 |
| 14109 D | "Florida Bound Blues" | 1925-11-17 |
| 14109 D | "New Gulf Coast Blues" | 1925-11-17 |
| 14115 D | "I've Been Mistreated and I Don't Like It" | 1925-11-18 |
| 14115 D | "Red Mountain Blues" | 1925-11-20 |
| 14123 D | "Lonesome Desert Blues" | 1925-12-09 |
| 14123 D | "Golden Rule Blues" | 1925-11-20 |
| 14129 D | "What's the Matter Now?" | 1926-03-05 |
| 14129 D | "I Want Every Bit of It" | 1926-03-05 |
| 14133 D | "Jazzbo Brown from Memphis Town" | 1926-03-18 |
| 14133 D | "Squeeze Me" | 1926-03-05 |
| 14137 D | "Hard Driving Papa" | 1926-05-40 |
| 14137 D | "Money Blues" | 1926-05-04 |
| 14147 D | "Baby Doll" | 1926-05-04 |
| 14147 D | "Them Has Been Blues" | 1926-03-05 |
| 14158 D | "Lost Your Head Blues" | 1926-05-04 |
| 14158 D | "Gin House Blues" | 1926-03-18 |
| 14172 D | "One and Two Blues" | 1926-10-26 |
| 14172 D | "Honey Man Blues" | 1926-10-25 |
| 14179 D | "Hard Time Blues" | 1926-10-25 |
| 14179 D | "Young Woman's Blues" | 1926-10-26 |
| 14195 D | "Back Water Blues" | 1927-02-17 |
| 14195 D | "Preachin' the Blues" | 1927-02-17 |
| 14197 D | "Muddy Water" | 1927-03-02 |
| 14197 D | "After You've Gone" | 1927-03-02 |
| 14209 D | "Send Me to the 'Lectric Chair" | 1927-03-03 |
| 14209 D | "Them's Graveyard Words" | 1927-03-03 |
| 14219 D | "There'll Be a Hot Time in Old Town Tonight" | 1927-03-02 |
| 14219 D | "Alexander's Ragtime Band" | 1927-03-02 |
| 14232 D | "Trombone Cholly" | 1927-03-03 |
| 14232 D | "Lock and Key Blues" | 1927-04-01 |
| 14250 D | "A Good Man Is Hard to Find" | 1927-09-27 |
| 14250 D | "Mean Old Bed Bug Blues" | 1927-09-27 |
| 14260 D | "Sweet Mistreater" | 1927-04-01 |
| 14260 D | "Homeless Blues" | 1927-09-28 |
| 14273 D | "Dyin' by The Hour" | 1927-10-27 |
| 14273 D | "Foolish Man Blues" | 1927-10-27 |
| 14292 D | "I Used to Be Your Sweet Mama" | 1928-02-09 |
| 14292 D | "Thinking Blues" | 1928-02-09 |
| 14304 D | "I'd Rather be Dead and Buried in my Grave" | 1928-06-16 |
| 14304 D | "Pickpocket Blues" | 1928-02-09 |
| 14312 D | "Empty Bed Blues Pt1" | 1928-03-20 |
| 14312 D | "Empty Bed Blues Pt2" | 1928-03-20 |
| 14324 D | "Put It Right Here" | 1928-03-20 |
| 14324 D | "Spider Man Blues" | 1928-03-19 |
| 14338 D | "It Won't Be You" | 1928-02-12 |
| 14338 D | "Standin' in The Rain Blues" | 1928-02-12 |
| 14354 D | "Devil's Gonna Git You" | 1928-08-24 |
| 14354 D | "Yes Indeed He Do" | 1928-08-24 |
| 14375 D | "Washwoman's Blues" | 1928-08-24 |
| 14375 D | "Please Help Me Get Him Off My Mind" | 1928-08-24 |
| 14384 D | "Me and My Gin" | 1928-08-25 |
| 14384 D | "Slow and Easy Man" | 1928-08-24 |
| 14399 D | "Poor Man's Blues" | 1928-08-24 |
| 14399 D | "You Ought to be Ashamed" | 1928-08-24 |
| 14427 D | "You've Got to Give Me Some" | 1929-05-08 |
| 14427 D | "I'm Wild About that Thing" | 1929-05-08 |
| 14435 D | "My Kitchen Man" | 1929-05-08 |
| 14435 D | "I've Got What It Takes" | 1929-05-15 |
| 14451 D | "Nobody Knows You When You're Down and Out" | 1929-05-15 |
| 14451 D | "Take It Right Back" | 1929-07-25 |
| 14464 D | "It Makes My Love Come Down" | 1929-08-20 |
| 14464 D | "He's Got Me Goin'" | 1929-08-20 |
| 14476 D | "Dirty No Gooder's Blues" | 1929-10-01 |
| 14476 D | "Wasted Life Blues" | 1929-10-01 |
| 14487 D | "Don't Cry Baby" | 1929-10-11 |
| 14487 D | "You Don't Understand" | 1929-10-11 |
| 14516 D | "New Orleans Hop Scop Blues" | 1930-03-27 |
| 14516 D | "Keep It to Yourself" | 1930-03-27 |
| 14527 D | "Blue Spirit Blues" | 1929-10-11 |
| 14527 D | "Worn out Papa Blues" | 1929-10-11 |
| 14538 D | "Moan Mourners" | 1930-06-09 |
| 14538 D | "On Revival Day" | 1930-06-09 |
| 14554 D | "Hustlin' Dan" | 1930-07-22 |
| 14554 D | "Black Mountain Blues" | 1930-07-22 |
| 14569 D | "Hot Springs Blues" | 1927-03-03 |
| 14569 D | "Lookin' for My Man Blues" | 1927-09-28 |
| 14611 D | "In the House Blues" | 1931-06-11 |
| 14611 D | "Blue Blues" | 1931-06-11 |
| 14634 D | "Safety Mama" | 1931-11-20 |
| 14634 D | "Need a Little Sugar in My Bowl" | 1931-11-20 |
| 14663 D | "Long Old Road" | 1931-06-11 |
| 14663 D | "Shipwreck Blues" | 1931-06-11 |
78 RPM Singles — Okeh Records
| 8945 | "I'm Down in the Dumps" | 1933-11-24 |
| 8945 | "Do Your Duty" | 1933-11-24 |
| 8949 | "Take Me for a Buggy Ride" | 1933-11-24 |
| 8949 | "Gimme a Pigfoot (and a Bottle of Beer)" | 1933-11-24 |
각주 편집
- ↑ “Bessie Smith: Controversy”. SparkNotes. 1937년 10월 4일. 2015년 8월 30일에 확인함.
- ↑ Whitburn, Joel (1986). 《Pop Memories: 1890–1954》. Record Research. ISBN 9780898200836.
- ↑ “Joel Whitburn Criticism: Chart Fabrication, Misrepresentation of Sources, Cherry Picking”. 《Songbook》. 2013년 3월 3일. 2015년 7월 15일에 확인함.
- 내용주
- ↑ Joel Whitburn's methodology for creating pre-1940s chart positions has been criticized,[3] and those listed here should not be taken as definitive.
