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사용자:Godneck/작업장2

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틀:AfDM 틀:Korean name 틀:Infobox Korean name Hak Ja Han (Korean: 한학자, Hanja: 韓鶴子) or Hakja Han Moon (born January 6, 1943) is the co-leader of the Unification movement with her husband, Sun Myung Moon. She is his designated successor as the leader of the Unification movement. A daughter of one of Sun Myung Moon's followers, she married Moon in April 1960. Members of the Unification Church view their marriage as the fulfillment of a prophecy from the Book of Revelation. They are referred to as the "True Parents"; she is called the "True Mother" and regarded as the "Perfect Woman". She has 13 children and 20 grandchildren.

In 1992 she established the Unification Church affiliated organization Women's Federation for World Peace, and traveled the globe speaking on its behalf. At the organization's first anniversary in Tokyo, the keynote speaker was Dan Quayle's wife Marilyn Tucker Quayle. She traveled to 20 cities in the United States in 1993 promoting the organization, as well as to 12 countries. In 1995 Hak Ja Han hired former United States president George H. W. Bush to deliver several speeches for the organization in several cities in Japan; Bush faced criticism for speaking at an organization affiliated with the Unification Church. 50,000 people attended a speech by Bush in Tokyo organized by the organization.

Hak Ja Han traveled the world in 1996 speaking on behalf of the Family Federation for World Peace and Unification, the current name for the Unification Church. At the organization's Inaugural World Convention at the National Building Museum, guest speakers included entertainer Bill Cosby and former U.S. president Gerald Ford. Cosby attempted to back out of the engagement when he learned of the organization's connection to the Unification Church. Hak Ja Han gave the closing address at the event, called the "Founder's Address", where she said that the "True Parents" had arrived on Earth to complete the work of Jesus Christ. In separate books, George D. Chryssides and authors James R. Lewis and Jesper Aagaard Petersen have commented that Hak Ja Han's influence within the Unification Church has steadily increased.

Early life and marriage 편집

Hak Ja Han was born on January 6, 1943.[1] She is the daughter of a follower of Sun Myung Moon.[1] In April 1960 as a high school student at the age of 17, Hak Ja Han, by then a member of the Unification Church, married Moon who was then 40 years old.[2][3] She is Moon's fourth wife,[4][5][6][7] his prior three marriages ended in divorce.[8] In the American media Hak Ja Han is sometimes referred to as "Mrs. Moon";[9] although in Korean culture a married woman keeps her original family name, with the children taking their father's.[10]

Members of the Unification Church view their marriage as "the fulfillment of the marriage supper of the Lamb", referred to in Book of Revelation 19:9.[11] Their marriage is held to have restored Eden and to be the source of new life for humanity by completing the salvation work left unfinished by Jesus,[12] and is seen as a key event to bring about a "Cosmic Era".[13]

Hak Ja Han and Sun Myung Moon are together believed to be the "new messiahs" by Unification Church members.[14] Within Unification Church theology, the Moons are regarded as the "True Parents" of humanity and are addressed by its followers as the "True Father" and "True Mother".[15] Church members have also referred to Hak Ja Han as "the Bride of Christ",[16] and the "Perfect Woman".[17] She is seen within the movement as the "Mother of humankind, the final chosen of God".[4]

Family 편집

  이 부분의 본문은 True Family입니다.

Hak Ja Han has 13 children,[15] and as of 1993 had 20 grandchildren.[18] Hak Ja Han's estranged daughter-in-law, Nansook Hong, published an autobiography in 1998, titled In the Shadow of the Moons: My Life in the Reverend Sun Myung Moon's Family. Hong told of a lack of closeness in the family, and sometimes a lack of good judgement, such as when Hak Ja Han would hand her son large amounts of cash in spite of his cocaine addiction.[19] She stated that she was abused by her husband but that Sun Myung Moon and Hak Ja Han did not intervene to stop the abuse.[20][21]

Unification Church involvement 편집

Women's Federation for World Peace 편집

In 1992 Hak Ja Han established the Unification Church affiliated organization Women's Federation for World Peace,[22][23][24] and traveled the world speaking at conventions on its behalf.[25] The organization's purpose is to encourage women to work more actively in promoting peace in their communities and greater society,[24] and it includes 143 member countries.[23] According to the publication Unification News, Hak Ja Han organized a Unification Church conference held in Tokyo in 1993, which was the first anniversary of the Women's Federation for World Peace.[26] The keynote speaker was Dan Quayle's wife Marilyn Tucker Quayle, and in a speech at the event Hak Ja Han spoke positively of Mrs. Quayle's humanitarian work.[26] Sociologist William Sims Bainbridge cites the "lavish conventions" of Hak Ja Han while traveling in 1992 to speaking engagements on behalf of the organization, as examples of how "with money the appearance of ever greater success could be achieved", in spite of the fact that "Church-related public events had often fallen short of expectations".[25]

She traveled to 20 cities in the United States in 1993 promoting Women's Federation for World Peace,[27] as well as to 12 countries.[24] At a stop in Salt Lake City, Utah she told attendants: "If a family is not centered on God's ideal of love, there will be conflict among the members of that family. Without God's love as an absolute center, such a family will ultimately break down. A nation of such families will also decline."[27] Her 1993 speeches in the United States focused on increasing violence in the U.S., and the degradation of the family unit.[28]

In July 1993 Oklahoma Governor David Walters signed a proclamation honoring Hak Ja Han, but was unaware she was the wife of Sun Myung Moon.[29] In August 1993 a citation honoring Hak Ja Han by then-Massachusetts Representative Mark Roosevelt became controversial; his campaign manager in his bid for Governor released a statement saying it was a "complete mistake", acknowledging he had actually signed the citation on Rooselvelts behalf: "It was an error in judgment on my part. Mark has never had any personal interaction or involvement with Mrs. Moon or any organization she is associated with."[29]

Hak Ja Han hired former United States president George H. W. Bush to deliver several speeches for the Women's Federation for World Peace in several cities in Japan in 1995 for an undisclosed fee (suggested by The New York Times to have been "in the millions").[30] Tokyo lawyer Hiroshi Yamaguchi sent a letter to Bush criticizing his decision to speak at the event, and wrote: "The Women's Federation for World Peace is a widely known front organization of the Unification Church."[31] Bush's spokeswoman Jane Becker stated "We were satisfied that there was not a connection with the Unification Church, and based on the information we were given we felt comfortable speaking to this group."[32]

50,000 people attended Bush's speech in Tokyo.[33] The thesis of the talks were "family values".[30] In the half-hour speech, Bush said "what really counts is faith, family and friends".[34] After Bush's speech, Hak Ja Han spoke and said "It has to be Rev. Moon to save the United States, which is in decline because of the destruction of the family and moral decay. ... My husband was also instrumental in bringing about the collapse of communism. It was Rev. Moon who awakened [Soviet] President Mikhail Gorbachev and [North Korean] President Kim Il Sung. ... I sincerely encourage you to seriously study my husband's teachings."[34]

Family Federation for World Peace 편집

In 1996 Hak Ja Han went on a world tour, speaking on behalf of the Family Federation for World Peace,[35][36] the current name of the Unificationist movement (also called Family Federal for World Peace and Unification).[37][38] Her speeches included cities across the United States, as well as countries including Korea, Japan, Italy, and 16 other countries in South America and Central America.[36] In July 1996 she spoke at the Family Federation for World Peace's Inaugural World Convention at the National Building Museum – other speakers included Bill Cosby as entertainer and Gerald Ford as keynote speaker.[39] According to The Washington Post, Hak Ja Han's closing address was the "climax of the proceedings", and was called the "Founder's Address".[39][40] A significant portion of the non-Korean guests left the event during Hak Jan Han's speech.[40] The Washington Post reported that Hak Ja Han's speech was long and that she spoke in "English thickly muffled by a Korean accent".[40] Hak Ja Han stated that the "True Parents" had arrived on the planet to perfect incomplete work of Jesus.[40]

Gerald Ford's chief of staff said "He didn't know" about the connections to the Unification Church: "There was no indication that Reverend Moon was involved. President Ford saw the previous speakers on the list they sent us."[39] Bill Cosby stated he learned of the organization's affiliation with Sun Myung Moon from a reporter for The Washington Post the Friday before the event: "When I look down the list and see Gerald Ford, you say, well, gee whiz, that's fine, so you go ahead and sign up ... My decision was, call these people and tell them I'm giving the money back ... Then their lawyers got on the phone."[39] Attorneys for the organization told Cosby they would not release him from his obligation to entertain at the event.[39] Cosby did perform, but stated "I would not do this organization again," Cosby said. "Not because they are evil, but because there are some families that are hurt by this."[39]

Increasing influence 편집

In 1962 Moon and Hak Ja Han together founded Little Angels, a girls Korean folk ballet company meant to promote a positive perception of Korea.[41] In 1992 Sun Myung Moon increased Hak Ja Han's position of authority within the Unification Church, and announced: "True Mother was elevated to True Father's level horizontally."[42] In 1993 U.S. Senator Trent Lott supported the bill "True Parents Day" in the U.S. Senate and in 1995 U.S. President Bill Clinton signed a bill into law called "Parents Day"; children are to honor their parents on this day.[43] In 1993, U.S. Senator Orrin Hatch introduced Hak Ja Han to a crowd at Capitol Hill; she stated at the event that she and Sun Myung Moon are "the first True Parents".[43] Moon was in the audience watching her speech, along with members of the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives.[43] The Unification Church publication Unification News featured a picture of Hak Ja Han and Moon holding a version of the bill, which had been co-sponsored in 1994 by Dan Burton and Floyd Flake.[43]

George D. Chryssides (author of The Advent of Sun Myung Moon: The Origins, Beliefs and Practices of the Unification Church and a longstanding observer of the church), writes in Exploring New Religions (2001) that Hak Ja Han's importance with the church continues to grow.[44] Authors James R. Lewis and Jesper Aagaard Petersen write in Controversial New Religions (2005) that she "has exercised increasing influence in the Unification Church".[1] She has been Moon's successor designate as leader of the Unification Church since 1993.[45][1]

References 편집

  1. ↑ 가 나 다 라 Lewis, James R.; Jesper Aagaard Petersen (2005). 《Controversial New Religions》. Oxford University Press US. 43–44, 48–49쪽. ISBN 9780195156829. 
  2. ↑ Cowan, Douglas E.; David G. Bromley. 《Cults and New Religions: A Brief History (Blackwell Brief Histories of Religion)》. 96쪽. ISBN 1405161272. 
  3. ↑ Staff (2008년 4월 26일). “Life and times”. 《The Guardian》 (Guardian Newspapers Ltd). 
  4. ↑ 가 나 Larson, Bob (2004). 《Larson's Book of World Religions and Alternative Spirituality》. Tyndale House Publishers, Inc. 503, 506쪽. ISBN 9780842364171. 
  5. ↑ Bloesch, Donald G. (2005). 《The Holy Spirit: Works & Gifts》. InterVarsity Press. 166쪽. ISBN 0830827552. 
  6. ↑ Melton, J. Gordon (1978). 《The Encyclopedia of American Religions》. McGrath Pub. Co. 226쪽. 
  7. ↑ Goldsmith, Steven (1995년 9월 18일). “Former Moon Disciple Charges Mind-Control: Church Admits It Made 'Mistakes'”. 《Seattle Post-Intelligencer》. A6면. 2009년 3월 23일에 확인함. 
  8. ↑ Rifkin, Ira (1996년 8월 3일). “Moon's meeting includes religious conservatives”. 《St. Petersburg Times》. 5, 9B면. 
  9. ↑ Pollack, Andrew (1995년 9월 15일). “Bushes speak at Tokyo rally of group linked to Moon church”. 《The New York Times》 (The New York Times Company). 2009년 3월 23일에 확인함. 
  10. ↑ Nahm, Andrew C (1988). 《Korea: Tradition and Transformation — A History of the Korean People》. Elizabeth, NJ: Hollym International. 33–34쪽. ISBN 0930878566. 
  11. ↑ Fahlbusch, Erwin; Geoffrey William Bromiley (2008). 《The Encyclopedia of Christianity: Volume 5: Si-Z》. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 598쪽. ISBN 9780802824172. 
  12. ↑ Clarke, Peter Bernard (2006). 《New religions in global perspective: a study of religious change in the modern world》. Routledge. 343쪽. ISBN 0415257484. 
  13. ↑ Jestice, Phyllis G. (2004). 《Holy People of the World: A Cross-cultural Encyclopedia》. ABC-CLIO. 599쪽. ISBN 1576073556. 
  14. ↑ Partridge, Christopher Hugh (2005). 《Introduction to world religions》. Fortress Press. 442쪽. ISBN 0800637143. 
  15. ↑ 가 나 Wallis, David (2004). 《Killed: Great Journalism Too Hot To Print》. Nation Books. 151쪽. ISBN 1560255811. 
  16. ↑ Allitt, Patrick (2005). 《Religion in America Since 1945: A History》. Columbia University Press. 146쪽. ISBN 0231121555. 
  17. ↑ Keller, Rosemary Skinner; Rosemary Radford Ruether, Marie Cantlon (2006). 《Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America》. Indiana University Press. 789쪽. ISBN 0253346878. 
  18. ↑ Briggs, Ed (1993년 8월 1일). “Mrs Moon and Perfect Parents - Church Leader Talks of New Era and Love”. 《Richmond Times-Dispatch》 (Richmond Newspapers, Inc.). B7면. 
  19. ↑ Hong, Nansook (1998), 《In the Shadow of the Moons: My Life in the Reverend Sun Myung Moon's Family》, Little, Brown, 6, 103쪽, ISBN 0-316-34816-3 
  20. ↑ Morphew, Clark (1998년 10월 4일). “Former Moon Family Member Chronicles Abuse, Corruption In Book”. 《St. Paul Pioneer Press》. 3G면. 
  21. ↑ Morphew, Clark (1998년 10월 10일). “Daughter-in-law flees abuse by Moon family”. 《Columbia Daily Tribune》. 
  22. ↑ Cuda, Amanda (2004년 12월 28일). “Event works for understanding through friendships”. 《Connecticut Post》. Section: Womanwise면. 
  23. ↑ 가 나 Peterson, Thair (1998년 3월 21일). “Bridging the Interracial Gap”. 《Long Beach Press-Telegram》. A3면. 
  24. ↑ 가 나 다 Staff (1993년 6월 19일). “Moon's wife to speak in Lawrence”. 《The Kansas City Star》 (The Kansas City Star Co.). E10면. 
  25. ↑ 가 나 Bainbridge, William Sims (1997). 《The Sociology of Religious Movements》. Routledge. 203–205쪽. ISBN 0415912024. 
  26. ↑ 가 나 Shupe, Anson D.; Bronislaw Misztal (1998). 《Religion, mobilization, and social action》. Greenwood Publishing Group. 211, 213쪽. ISBN 0275956253. 
  27. ↑ 가 나 Bonham, Nicole A. (1993년 6월 5일). “Moon's Wife Urges Utah Women To Unite Family Against Corruption”. 《The Deseret News》 (Deseret News Publishing Company). A8면. 
  28. ↑ Graham, Jennifer (1993년 7월 16일). “Rev. Moon's Wife to Speak: Activist Will Stump for World Peace Saturday at Fairgrounds”. 《The State》. 2B면. 
  29. ↑ 가 나 Fehrnstrom, Eric (1993년 8월 13일). “Moon burns Dem pol Citation for cult leader's wife rapped”. 《Boston Herald》. 5면. 
  30. ↑ 가 나 Bouza, Tony. 《The Decline And Fall Of The American Empire: Corruption, Decadence, And The American Dream》. 187쪽. ISBN 0306454076. 
  31. ↑ Pollack, Andrew (The New York Times) (1995년 9월 4일). “Moonie Link Casts Pall on Bush Trip: Some Japanese View Coming Visit as Giving Legitimacy to Church”. 《Rocky Mountain News》. 43A면. 
  32. ↑ Sullivan, Kevin; Mary Jordan (1995년 9월 6일). “Moon Group Paying Bush For Speeches - Foes of Church Criticize Japan Tour”. 《The Washington Post》 (The Washington Post Company). A25면. 
  33. ↑ Goldsmith, Steven (1995년 9월 19일). “Moon Brings Message of Family Love - Touring Evangelist Sees Cure For World Problems”. 《Seattle Post-Intelligencer》. B1면. 
  34. ↑ 가 나 Sullivan, Kevin (1995년 9월 15일). “Bush Stresses Family In Tokyo Speech - Former President Addresses Followers of Unification Church Leader's Wife”. 《The Washington Post》 (The Washington Post Company). A27면. 
  35. ↑ Maynard, Steve (1996년 10월 19일). “Wife of Rev. Sun Myung Moon to Speak”. 《The News Tribune》. B2면. 
  36. ↑ 가 나 Lattin, Don (1996년 10월 31일). “Rev. Moon Tries to Go Mainstream - Conferences draw blacks, GOP leaders”. 《San Francisco Chronicle》 (The Chronicle Publishing Co.). A1면. 
  37. ↑ Chryssides, George D.; Margaret Wilkins (2006). 《A reader in new religious movements》. Continuum International Publishing Group. 20쪽. ISBN 0826461689. 
  38. ↑ Gallagher, Eugene V.; W. Michael Ashcraft (2006). 《Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America》. Greenwood Publishing Group. 43쪽. ISBN 0275987124. 
  39. ↑ 가 나 다 라 마 바 Fisher, Marc (1996년 7월 30일). “Celebrities Pulled Into Moon's Orbit - Speakers Unaware of Conclave's Cult Link”. 《The Washington Post》 (The Washington Post Company). E1면. 
  40. ↑ 가 나 다 라 Fisher, Marc (1996년 8월 1일). “Bill Cosby, Scowling At The Moons - Unsmiling Comic Performs At Church-Related Forum”. 《The Washington Post》 (The Washington Post Company). C1면. 
  41. ↑ Sewell, Rhonda B. (2003년 2월 28일). “Korean Culture Takes the Stage”. 《The Blade》. D11면. 
  42. ↑ Fisher, Marc; Jeff Leen (1997년 11월 24일). “Stymied in U.S., Moon's Church Sounds a Retreat”. 《The Washington Post》 (The Washington Post Company). A1면. 
  43. ↑ 가 나 다 라 Mobile Register staff (2000년 7월 30일). “Parents Day shows links of Moon's church to GOP”. 《Mobile Register》. A9면. 
  44. ↑ Chryssides, George D. (2001). 《Exploring New Religions》. Continuum International Publishing Group. 134쪽. ISBN 0826459595. 
  45. ↑ Edwards, Linda (2001). 《A Brief Guide to Beliefs: Ideas, Theologies, Mysteries, and Movements》. Westminster John Knox Press. 402쪽. ISBN 0664222595. 

External links 편집

 Korea 포털
 Locationmap Korea.png 포털

틀:Sun Myung Moon


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