키클롭스: 두 판 사이의 차이
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7번째 줄:
who gave Zeus the thunder and made the thunderbolt:
in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their fore-heads. And they were surnamed [[:en:Cyclopes|Cyclopes]] (Orb-eyed) because one orbed eye was set in their foreheads. Strength and might and craft were in their works.
<br><sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> Brontes is the Thunderer; Steropes, the Lightener; and Arges, the Vivid One."}} 키클롭스(Kuklōps, {{llang|en|[[:en:Cyclops|<span style="color: black">Cyclops</span>]]}})의 문자 그대로의 뜻은 일반적으로 '원형의 눈을 한' 또는 {{nowrap|'둥근}} 눈을 한(circle-eyed 또는 orb-eyed)'인 것으로 해석되고 있다.{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 139~154행. 가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들: 키클롭스|ps=<br>"And again, she ([[가이아]]) bare the [[:en:Cyclops|Cyclopes]] (키클롭스), overbearing in spirit,
[[:en:Brontes|Brontes]] ([[브론테스]]), and [[:en:Steropes|Steropes]] ([[스테로페스]]) and stubborn-hearted [[:en:Arges|Arges]] ([[아르게스]]),<sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> who gave Zeus the thunder and made the thunderbolt: in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their fore-heads. And they were surnamed [[:en:Cyclopes|Cyclopes]] (Orb-eyed) because one orbed eye was set in their foreheads. Strength and might and craft were in their works. <br><sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> Brontes is the Thunderer; Steropes, the Lightener; and Arges, the Vivid One."}}<ref>As with many Greek mythic names, however, this might be a [[:en:folk etymology|folk etymology]]. Another proposal holds that the word is derived from [[:en:PIE|PIE]] ''pḱu''-''klōps'' "sheep thief". See: Paul Thieme, "Etymologische Vexierbilder", ''Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung'' 69 (1951): 177-78; Burkert (1982), p. 157; J.P.S. Beekes, Indo-European Etymological Project, ''s.v.'' Cyclops.[http://www.indo-european.nl/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=leiden&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cgreek&first=111] {{웨이백|url=http://www.indo-european.nl/cgi-bin/response.cgi?root=leiden&morpho=0&basename=%5Cdata%5Cie%5Cgreek&first=111 |date=20110724154505 }} Note that this would mean that the Cyclopes were regular giants, and the depictions with a singular eye, secondarily motivated by the folk etymology.</ref> [[그리스 신화]]에는 다음과 같은 적어도 두 유형 혹은 세 유형의 키클롭스들이 있는데, 각 유형에 대한 신화상의 이야기들과 진술들에 의거할 때 이들의 성격과 역할은 확연히 구분된다.
줄 32 ⟶ 38:
<br><sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> Brontes is the Thunderer; Steropes, the Lightener; and Arges, the Vivid One."}}
[[헤시오도스]]의 《[[신들의 계보]]》와 [[슈도-아폴로도로스]]의 《[[비블리오테케]]》에 따르면, [[키클롭스 삼형제]]의 이름은 다음과 같다. 아래의 이름들과 나열 순서는 《[[신들의 계보]]》에 따른 것이며, 이름의 문자 그대로의 뜻에 대한 설명은 [[헤시오도스]]의 설명이 아닌 《[[신들의 계보]]》의 영문본 번역자의 주석에 따른 것이다.{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 139~154행. 가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들: 키클롭스
[[:en:Brontes|Brontes]] ([[브론테스]]), and
[[:en:Steropes|Steropes]] ([[스테로페스]]) and
stubborn-hearted [[:en:Arges|Arges]] ([[아르게스]]),<sup style="color: blue">6)</sup>
who gave Zeus the thunder and made the thunderbolt:
in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their fore-heads. And they were surnamed [[:en:Cyclopes|Cyclopes]] (Orb-eyed) because one orbed eye was set in their foreheads. Strength and might and craft were in their works.
<br><sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> Brontes is the Thunderer; Steropes, the Lightener; and Arges, the Vivid One."}}
# '''브론테스'''({{lang|grc|Βρόντης|Brontes}}): 천둥을 일으키는 자(Thunderer)
줄 61 ⟶ 73:
====못생겼다 혹은 흉측하게 생겼다는 것에 대하여====
[[우라노스]]는 자신의 자녀들 중 키클롭스 삼형제와 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]를 처음부터 싫어하여서 태어나는 대로 [[타르타로스]]에 감금하는 악행을 행하였으며, 또한 이들을 감금한 것을 크게 기뻐하였다. 반면 12명의 티탄들은 감금하거나 하지 않았다.{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 134~163행. 가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들
<br>And again, she bare the Cyclopes, overbearing in spirit, Brontes, and Steropes and stubborn-hearted Arges<sup style="color: blue">6)</sup>, who gave Zeus the thunder and made the thunderbolt: in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their fore-heads. And they were surnamed Cyclopes (Orb-eyed) because one orbed eye was set in their foreheads. Strength and might and craft were in their works.
<br>And again, three other sons were born of Earth and Heaven, great and doughty beyond telling, Cottus and Briareos and Gyes, presumptuous children. From their shoulders sprang an hundred arms, not to be approached, and each had fifty heads upon his shoulders on their strong limbs, and irresistible was the stubborn strength that was in their great forms.
<br>For of all the children that were born of Earth and Heaven, these were the most terrible, and they were hated by their own father from the first. And he used to hide them all away in a secret place of Earth so soon as each was born, and would not suffer them to come up into the light: and Heaven rejoiced in his evil doing. But vast Earth groaned within, being straitened, and she made the element of grey flint and shaped a great sickle, and told her plan to her dear sons. And she spoke, cheering them, while she was vexed in her dear heart:
<br><sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> Brontes is the Thunderer; Steropes, the Lightener; and Arges, the Vivid One."}}
[[우라노스]]가 처음부터 키클롭스 삼형제와 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]를 싫어했다는 진술은 《[[신들의 계보]]》에 나오지만 왜 유독 이들을 싫어했는지에 대해서는 《[[신들의 계보]]》에 설명되어 있지 않다. 《[[신들의 계보]]》에 따르면 '''키클롭스 삼형제'''는 "위풍당당했고(overbearing in spirit), 이마 한가운데에 하나의 눈을 가졌다는 것 외에는 [외형상으로는] 다른 모든 점에서 [다른] 신들과 같았으며<!--(in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their fore-heads)-->, [정신의] 강인함과 [신체의] 힘과 [천둥과 번개를 다루는] 장인의 능력을 가지고 있었다<!--(Strength and might and craft were in their works)-->".{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 139~154행. 가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들: 키클롭스|ps=<br>"And again, she ([[가이아]]) bare the [[:en:Cyclops|Cyclopes]] (키클롭스), overbearing in spirit,
줄 69 ⟶ 85:
who gave Zeus the thunder and made the thunderbolt:
in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their fore-heads. And they were surnamed [[:en:Cyclopes|Cyclopes]] (Orb-eyed) because one orbed eye was set in their foreheads. Strength and might and craft were in their works.
<br><sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> Brontes is the Thunderer; Steropes, the Lightener; and Arges, the Vivid One."}} 다만, "이들(즉, '''키클롭스 삼형제와 헤카톤케이레스 삼형제''')은 가장 '''무시무시'''(terrible)하였고 [즉, 모든 신들 중에서 가장 무시무시한 힘을 가졌고], 그리고(and, 그래서?) 그들은 처음부터 자신들의 아버지의 미움을 받았다<!--(these were the most terrible, and they were hated by their own father from the first)-->"라고 되어 있어 문맥상 그 이유를 일정 정도 추정할 수 있게 한다.{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 134~163행. 가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들
<br>And again, she bare the Cyclopes, overbearing in spirit, Brontes, and Steropes and stubborn-hearted Arges<sup style="color: blue">6)</sup>, who gave Zeus the thunder and made the thunderbolt: in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their fore-heads. And they were surnamed Cyclopes (Orb-eyed) because one orbed eye was set in their foreheads. Strength and might and craft were in their works.
<br>And again, three other sons were born of Earth and Heaven, great and doughty beyond telling, Cottus and Briareos and Gyes, presumptuous children. From their shoulders sprang an hundred arms, not to be approached, and each had fifty heads upon his shoulders on their strong limbs, and irresistible was the stubborn strength that was in their great forms.
<br>For of all the children that were born of Earth and Heaven, these were the most terrible, and they were hated by their own father from the first. And he used to hide them all away in a secret place of Earth so soon as each was born, and would not suffer them to come up into the light: and Heaven rejoiced in his evil doing. But vast Earth groaned within, being straitened, and she made the element of grey flint and shaped a great sickle, and told her plan to her dear sons. And she spoke, cheering them, while she was vexed in her dear heart:
<br><sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> Brontes is the Thunderer; Steropes, the Lightener; and Arges, the Vivid One."}}
한편, 후에 [[크로노스]]가 이들을 구출한 후 다시 [[타르타로스]]에 감금하고 그런 후 [[제우스]]가 키클롭스 삼형제와 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]를 다시 구출하는데, 이들을 재구출하는 대목에서 [[헤시오도스]]는 [[크로노스]]가 이들을 다시 감금한 이유를 진술하고 있다. [[헤시오도스]]의 진술에 따르면, [[크로노스]]가 키클롭스 삼형제를 다시 감금한 이유와 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]를 다시 감금한 이유는 서로 다르다. 키클롭스 삼형제에 대해서는 "그리고 그(즉 제우스)는 자신의 아버지(즉 크로노스)가 어리석어서 감금하였던, 자신의 아버지의 형제들 즉 우라노스(하늘)의 아들들(즉 키클롭스 삼형제)을 그들의 지독한 속박으로부터 자유롭게 하였다<!--(And he set free from their deadly bonds the brothers of his father, sons of Heaven whom his father in his foolishness had bound)-->"라고 말함으로써, 키클롭스 삼형제를 재감금하게 된 것이 키클롭스 삼형제에게 원인이 있다기 보다는 [[크로노스]]에게 원인이 있다고 말하고 있다.{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 501~506행. 키클롭스의 재구출|ps=<br>"And he set free from their deadly bonds the brothers of his father, sons of Heaven whom his father in his foolishness had bound. And they remembered to be grateful to him for his kindness, and gave him thunder and the glowing thunderbolt and lightening: for before that, huge Earth had hidden these. In them he trusts and rules over mortals and immortals."}} 즉, 크로노스의 [[어리석음]], 달리 말하면, 크로노스의 [[지혜]]의 부족이 그 원인이라고 말하고 있다. 이에 비해 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]를 재감금하게 된 이유는 이들이 {{nowrap|"너무}} 뛰어나게 남자답고 잘생겼으며 신체가 거대하여서(exceeding manhood and comeliness and great size)" 크로노스가 이것을 질투했기 때문이라고 말하고 있다.{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 617-643행. 티타노마키아와 헤카톤케이레스|ps=<br>"(ll. 617-643) But when first their father was vexed in his heart with Obriareus and Cottus and Gyes, he bound them in cruel bonds, because '''he was jealous of their exceeding manhood and comeliness and great size''': and he made them live beneath the wide-pathed earth, where they were afflicted, being set to dwell under the ground, at the end of the earth, at its great borders, in bitter anguish for a long time and with great grief at heart. But the son of Cronos and the other deathless gods whom rich-haired Rhea bare from union with Cronos, '''brought them up again to the light''' at Earth's advising. For she herself recounted all things to the gods fully, how that with these they would gain victory and a glorious cause to vaunt themselves. For the Titan gods and as many as sprang from Cronos had long been fighting together in stubborn war with heart-grieving toil, the lordly Titans from high Othyrs, but the gods, givers of good, whom rich-haired Rhea bare in union with Cronos, from Olympus. So they, with bitter wrath, were fighting continually with one another at that time for ten full years, and the hard strife had no close or end for either side, and the issue of the war hung evenly balanced. But when he had provided those three with all things fitting, nectar and ambrosia which the gods themselves eat, and when their proud spirit revived within them all after they had fed on nectar and delicious ambrosia, then it was that the father of men and gods spoke amongst them:"}}
그리고, [[슈도-아폴로도로스]]는 《[[비블리오테케]]》에서 "각자는 이마에 하나의 눈을 가졌다. 그러나 우라노스(하늘)가 그들(즉, 키클롭스 삼형제)을 속박하여 타르타로스에 던졌다<!--(each had one eye on his forehead. But them Sky bound and cast into Tartarus)-->"라고 진술하고 있을 뿐, 이것 외에는 키클롭스 삼형제의 외형은 물론이고 가진 바 힘에 대해서도, 그리고 [[우라노스]]가 이들을 [[타르타로스]]에 가두게 된 이유에 대해서도 별다른 진술이 없다.{{sfn|Pseudo-Apollodorus 지음, James George Frazer 영역|1921|loc=《[http://www.theoi.com/Text/Apollodorus1.html The Library]》 1.1.1~1.1.3절. 가이아와 우라노스의 자녀들|ps=<br>"[1.1.1] Sky was the first who ruled over the whole world.<sup style="color: blue">1)</sup> And having wedded Earth, he begat first the Hundred-handed, as they are named: Briareus, Gyes, Cottus, who were unsurpassed in size and might, each of them having a hundred hands and fifty heads.<sup style="color: blue">2)</sup>
<br>[1.1.2] After these, Earth bore him the Cyclopes, to wit, Arges, Steropes, Brontes<sup style="color: blue">3)</sup> of whom each had one eye on his forehead. But them Sky bound and cast into Tartarus, a gloomy place in Hades as far distant from earth as earth is distant from the sky.<sup style="color: blue">4)</sup> <br>[1.1.3] And again he begat children by Earth, to wit, the Titans as they are named: Ocean, Coeus, Hyperion, Crius, Iapetus, and, youngest of all, Cronus; also daughters, the Titanides as they are called: Tethys, Rhea, Themis, Mnemosyne, Phoebe, Dione, Thia.<sup style="color: blue">5)</sup>"}} 그리고 [[크로노스]]가 키클롭스 삼형제와 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]를 [[타르타로스]]에서 구출한 후 다시 감금하는 대목에서도, "그들(즉, 티탄들)은 타르타로스로 내던져진 자신의 형제들을 구하였고 크로노스의 지배권(왕권)을 인정하였다. 그러나 그(즉 크로노스)는 다시 이들을 속박하여 타르타로스에 감금하였다<!--(they brought up their brethren who had been hurled down to Tartarus, and committed the sovereignty to Cronus. But he again bound and shut them up in Tartarus)-->"라고 말하고 있을 뿐 [[크로노스]]가 키클롭스 삼형제와 [[헤카톤케이레스 삼형제]]를 다시 감금하게 된 이유나 이들의 외형에 대한 추가적인 언급이 없다.{{sfn|Pseudo-Apollodorus 지음, James George Frazer 영역|1921|loc=《[http://www.theoi.com/Text/Apollodorus1.html The Library]》 1.1.4~1.1.5절. 우라노스의 축출과 키클롭스 삼형제와 헤카톤케이레스 삼형제의 재감금|ps=<br>"[1.1.4] But Earth, grieved at the destruction of her children, who had been cast into Tartarus, persuaded the Titans to attack their father and gave Cronus an adamantine sickle. And they, all but Ocean, attacked him, and Cronus cut off his father's genitals and threw them into the sea; and from the drops of the flowing blood were born Furies, to wit, Alecto, Tisiphone, and Megaera.<sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> And, having dethroned their father, they brought up their brethren who had been hurled down to Tartarus, and committed the sovereignty to Cronus. <br>[1.1.5] But he again bound and shut them up in Tartarus, and wedded his sister Rhea; and since both Earth and Sky foretold him that he would be dethroned by his own son, he used to swallow his offspring at birth. His firstborn Hestia he swallowed, then Demeter and Hera, and after them Pluto and Poseidon.<sup style="color: blue">7)</sup>"}}
줄 123 ⟶ 145:
in all else they were like the gods, but one eye only was set in the midst of their fore-heads. And they were surnamed [[:en:Cyclopes|Cyclopes]] (Orb-eyed) because one orbed eye was set in their foreheads. Strength and might and craft were in their works.
<br><sup style="color: blue">6)</sup> Brontes is the Thunderer; Steropes, the Lightener; and Arges, the Vivid One."}}{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 492~506행. 제우스의 성장과 형제자매의 구출과 키클롭스의 재구출|ps=<br>"After that, the strength and glorious limbs of the prince increased quickly, and as the years rolled on, great Cronos the wily was beguiled by the deep suggestions of Earth, and brought up again his offspring, vanquished by the arts and might of his own son, and he vomited up first the stone which he had swallowed last. And Zeus set it fast in the wide-pathed earth at goodly Pytho under the glens of Parnassus, to be a sign thenceforth and a marvel to mortal men<sup style="color: blue">20)</sup>. And he set free from their deadly bonds the brothers of his father, sons of Heaven whom his father in his foolishness had bound. And they remembered to be grateful to him for his kindness, and gave him thunder and the glowing thunderbolt and lightening: for before that, huge Earth had hidden these. In them he trusts and rules over mortals and immortals.
<br>20) Pausanias (x. 24.6) saw near the tomb of Neoptolemus 'a stone of no great size', which the Delphians anointed every day with oil, and which he says was supposed to be the stone given to Cronos."}} 이에 비해, 《[[비블리오테케]]》에 따르면, [[키클롭스 삼형제]]는 감사의 답례로 [[제우스]]에게는 [[천둥]]{{.cw}}[[번개]]{{.cw}}[[벼락]](thunder and lightning and a thunderbolt)을, [[플루톤]](하데스의 다른 이름)에게는 [보이지 않게 하는] [[투구]](helmet)를, [[포세이돈]]에게는 [[삼지창]](trident, 트리덴트)을 "주었다(gave)".{{sfn|Pseudo-Apollodorus 지음, James George Frazer 영역|1921|loc=《[http://www.theoi.com/Text/Apollodorus1.html The Library]》 1.2.1절. 제우스의 성장과 티타노마키아
<br><sup style="color: blue">12)</sup> As to the disgorging of his offspring by Cronus, see Hes. ''Th.'' 493ff., who, however, says nothing about the agency of Metis in administering an emetic, but attributes the stratagem to Earth (Gaia).
<br><sup style="color: blue">13)</sup> As to the war of Zeus on the Titans, see Hes. ''Th''. 617ff.; Hor. ''Carm.'' 3.4.42ff.; Hyginus, ''Fab.'' 118.
<br><sup style="color: blue">14)</sup> The most ancient oracle at Delphi was said to be that of Earth; in her office of prophetess the goddess was there succeeded by Themis, who was afterwards displaced by Apollo. See Aesch. ''Eum.'' 1ff.; Paus. 10.5.5ff. It is said that of old there was an oracle of Earth at Olympia, but it no longer existed in the second century of our era. See Paus. 5.14.10. At Aegira in Achaia the oracles of Earth were delivered in a subterranean cave by a priestess, who had previously drunk bull's blood as a means of inspiration. See Pliny, ''Nat. Hist.'' xxviii.147; compare Paus. 7.25.13. In the later days of antiquity the oracle of Earth at Delphi was explained by some philosophers on rationalistic principles: they supposed that the priestess was thrown into the prophetic trance by natural exhalations from the ground, and they explained the decadence of the oracle in their own time by the gradual cessation of the exhalations. The theory is scouted by Cicero. See Plut. ''De defectu oraculorum'' 40ff.; Cicero, ''De divinatione'' i.19.38, i.36.79, ii.57.117. A similar theory is still held by wizards in Loango, on the west coast of Africa; hence in order to receive the inspiration they descend into an artificial pit or natural hollow and remain there for some time, absorbing the blessed influence, just as the Greek priestesses for a similar purpose descended into the oracular caverns at Aegira and Delphi. See ''Die Loango Expedition'', iii.2, von Dr. E. Pechuel Loesche (Stuttgart, 1907), p. 441. As to the oracular cavern at Delphi and the inspiring exhalations which were supposed to emanate from it, see Diod. 16.26; Strabo 9.3.5; Paus. 10.5.7; Justin xxiv.6.6-9. That the Pythian priestess descended into the cavern to give the oracles appears from an expression of Plutarch (''De defectu oraculorum'', 51, ''katebê men eis to manteion''). As to the oracles of Earth in antiquity, see A. Bouche-Leclercq, ''Histoire de la Divination dans l'Antiquité'', ii.251ff.; L. R. Farnell, ''The Cults of the Greek States'', iii.8ff.
<br><sup style="color: blue">15)</sup> Compare Hes. ''Th.'' 501-506ff.
<br><sup style="color: blue">16)</sup> Compare Hes. ''Th.'' 717ff.
<br><sup style="color: blue">17)</sup> Compare Hom. ''Il.'' 15.187ff.; Plat. ''Gorg.'' 523a."}}
《[[신들의 계보]]》에 따르면, 이 선물을 받은 날은 10년간의 [[티타노마키아]]가 시작된 날이며,{{sfn|Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|1914|loc=《[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony]》 492~506행. 제우스의 성장과 형제자매의 구출과 키클롭스의 재구출|ps=<br>"After that, the strength and glorious limbs of the prince increased quickly, and as the years rolled on, great Cronos the wily was beguiled by the deep suggestions of Earth, and brought up again his offspring, vanquished by the arts and might of his own son, and he vomited up first the stone which he had swallowed last. And Zeus set it fast in the wide-pathed earth at goodly Pytho under the glens of Parnassus, to be a sign thenceforth and a marvel to mortal men<sup style="color: blue">20)</sup>. And he set free from their deadly bonds the brothers of his father, sons of Heaven whom his father in his foolishness had bound. And they remembered to be grateful to him for his kindness, and gave him thunder and the glowing thunderbolt and lightening: for before that, huge Earth had hidden these. In them he trusts and rules over mortals and immortals.
<br>20) Pausanias (x. 24.6) saw near the tomb of Neoptolemus 'a stone of no great size', which the Delphians anointed every day with oil, and which he says was supposed to be the stone given to Cronos."}} [[제우스]]는 그가 받은 [[천둥]]과 [[번개]]를 바탕으로 점점 더 성장해 간다. 반면, 《[[비블리오테케]]》에 따르면, 이 선물을 받은 날은 10년간의 [[티타노마키아]]의 마지막 날이며, 세 신들은 자신들이 받은 무기들을 사용하여 [[티탄 (신화)|티탄]]들을 제압하고 완전한 승리를 거두며, 이로써 10년간의 [[티타노마키아]]는 [[올림포스 신]]들의 승리로 종결된다.{{sfn|Pseudo-Apollodorus 지음, James George Frazer 영역|1921|loc=《[http://www.theoi.com/Text/Apollodorus1.html The Library]》 1.2.1절. 제우스의 성장과 티타노마키아|ps=<br>"[1.2.1] But when Zeus was full-grown, he took Metis, daughter of Ocean, to help him, and she gave Cronus a drug to swallow,<sup style="color: blue">12)</sup> which forced him to disgorge first the stone and then the children whom he had swallowed, and with their aid Zeus waged the war against Cronus and the Titans.<sup style="color: blue">13)</sup> They fought for ten years, and Earth prophesied victory<sup style="color: blue">14)</sup> to Zeus if he should have as allies those who had been hurled down to Tartarus. So he slew their jailoress Campe, and loosed their bonds. And the Cyclopes then gave Zeus thunder and lightning and a thunderbolt,<sup style="color: blue">15)</sup> and on Pluto they bestowed a helmet and on Poseidon a trident. Armed with these weapons the gods overcame the Titans, shut them up in Tartarus, and appointed the Hundred-handers their guards<sup style="color: blue">16)</sup>; but they themselves cast lots for the sovereignty, and to Zeus was allotted the dominion of the sky, to Poseidon the dominion of the sea, and to Pluto the dominion in Hades.<sup style="color: blue">17)</sup>
<br><sup style="color: blue">12)</sup> As to the disgorging of his offspring by Cronus, see Hes. ''Th.'' 493ff., who, however, says nothing about the agency of Metis in administering an emetic, but attributes the stratagem to Earth (Gaia).
<br><sup style="color: blue">13)</sup> As to the war of Zeus on the Titans, see Hes. ''Th''. 617ff.; Hor. ''Carm.'' 3.4.42ff.; Hyginus, ''Fab.'' 118.
<br><sup style="color: blue">14)</sup> The most ancient oracle at Delphi was said to be that of Earth; in her office of prophetess the goddess was there succeeded by Themis, who was afterwards displaced by Apollo. See Aesch. ''Eum.'' 1ff.; Paus. 10.5.5ff. It is said that of old there was an oracle of Earth at Olympia, but it no longer existed in the second century of our era. See Paus. 5.14.10. At Aegira in Achaia the oracles of Earth were delivered in a subterranean cave by a priestess, who had previously drunk bull's blood as a means of inspiration. See Pliny, ''Nat. Hist.'' xxviii.147; compare Paus. 7.25.13. In the later days of antiquity the oracle of Earth at Delphi was explained by some philosophers on rationalistic principles: they supposed that the priestess was thrown into the prophetic trance by natural exhalations from the ground, and they explained the decadence of the oracle in their own time by the gradual cessation of the exhalations. The theory is scouted by Cicero. See Plut. ''De defectu oraculorum'' 40ff.; Cicero, ''De divinatione'' i.19.38, i.36.79, ii.57.117. A similar theory is still held by wizards in Loango, on the west coast of Africa; hence in order to receive the inspiration they descend into an artificial pit or natural hollow and remain there for some time, absorbing the blessed influence, just as the Greek priestesses for a similar purpose descended into the oracular caverns at Aegira and Delphi. See ''Die Loango Expedition'', iii.2, von Dr. E. Pechuel Loesche (Stuttgart, 1907), p. 441. As to the oracular cavern at Delphi and the inspiring exhalations which were supposed to emanate from it, see Diod. 16.26; Strabo 9.3.5; Paus. 10.5.7; Justin xxiv.6.6-9. That the Pythian priestess descended into the cavern to give the oracles appears from an expression of Plutarch (''De defectu oraculorum'', 51, ''katebê men eis to manteion''). As to the oracles of Earth in antiquity, see A. Bouche-Leclercq, ''Histoire de la Divination dans l'Antiquité'', ii.251ff.; L. R. Farnell, ''The Cults of the Greek States'', iii.8ff.
<br><sup style="color: blue">15)</sup> Compare Hes. ''Th.'' 501-506ff.
<br><sup style="color: blue">16)</sup> Compare Hes. ''Th.'' 717ff.
<br><sup style="color: blue">17)</sup> Compare Hom. ''Il.'' 15.187ff.; Plat. ''Gorg.'' 523a."}}
[[칼리마코스]]의 《[[데메테르에게 바치는 찬가]]》와 [[베르길리우스]]의 《[[아이네이스]]》 제8권에서는 키클롭스들이 [[헤파이스토스]]의 대장간에서 불{{.cw}}기술{{.cw}}장인의 신인 [[헤파이스토스]]를 도와 일했다고 말하고 있다.<ref name="Theoi.com-Kyklopes"/>
줄 149 ⟶ 186:
== 참고 문헌 ==
* {{언어링크|grc|크기=9pt}} {{서적 인용|ref=harv|저자=헤시오도스 지음|연도=기원전 7세기|저자링크=헤시오도스|제목=[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0129%3Acard%3D1 신들의 계보]|출판사=페르세우스 프로젝트|위치=}}
* {{언어링크|en|크기=9pt}} {{서적 인용|ref=harv|저자=Hesiod 지음, Hugh G. Evelyn-White 영역|연도=1914|저자링크=헤시오도스|제목=[http://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm Theogony (신들의 계보)]|출판사=Loeb Classical Library Volume 57. London: William Heinemann|위치=}}
* {{언어링크|en|크기=9pt}} Mondi, Robert "The Homeric Cyclopes: Folktale, Tradition, and Theme" 《Transactions of the American Philological Association》'''113''' Vol. 113 (1983), pp. 17–38.
* {{언어링크|en|크기=9pt}} {{서적 인용|ref=harv|저자=Pseudo-Apollodorus 지음, James George Frazer 영역|연도=1921|저자링크=슈도-아폴로도로스|제목=[http://www.theoi.com/Text/Apollodorus1.html The Library (비블리오테케)]|출판사=Loeb Classical Library Volumes 121 & 122. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd.|위치=}}
== 각주 ==
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