사용자:이형주/오스트리아 실링
이형주/오스트리아 실링 | |
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사용국 | {{{사용국}}} |
The Schilling was the currency of Austria from 1924 to 1938 and from 1945 to 1999, and the circulating currency until 2002. The euro was introduced at a fixed parity of €1 = 13.7603 schilling to replace it. The schilling was divided into 100 Groschen.
History
편집First schilling
편집The Schilling was established by the Schilling Act (Schillingrechnungsgesetz) of December 20, 1924 at a rate of 1 Schilling to 10,000 Austro-Hungarian Kronen and issued on March 1, 1925. The Schilling was abolished in the wake of the Anschluss (1938), when it was exchanged at a rate of 2 German Reichsmark to 3 Schilling.
Second schilling
편집The Schilling was reintroduced after World War II on November 30, 1945 by the Allied Military, who issued paper money (dated 1944) in denominations of 50 Groschen up to 100 Schilling. The exchange rate to the Reichsmark was 1:1, limited to 150 Schilling per person. The Nationalbank also began issuing Schilling notes in 1945 and the first coins were issued in 1946.
With a second "Schilling" law on November 21, 1947, new banknotes were introduced. The earlier notes could be exchanged for new notes at par for the first 150 Schilling and at a rate of 1 new Schilling for 3 old Schilling thereafter. Coins were not affected by this reform. The currency stabilised in the 1950s, with the Schilling being tied to the U.S. dollar at a rate of $1 = 26 Schilling. Following the breakdown of the Bretton Woods system in 1971, the Schilling was initially tied to a basket of currencies and then, in July 1976, the schilling was coupled to the German mark.
Although the Euro became the official currency of Austria in 1999, euro coins and notes were not introduced until 2002. Old schilling denominated coins and notes were phased out from circulation because of the introduction of the Euro by 28 February of that year. Schilling banknotes and coins which were valid at the time of the introduction of the euro will remain exchangeable for euros at any branch of the Austrian National Bank (Österreichische Nationalbank) indefinitely.
Coins
편집First Schilling
편집In 1925, bronze 1 and 2 Groschen, cupro-nickel 10 groschen, and silver ½ and 1 Schilling coins were introduced, followed by cupro-nickel 5 Groschen issues in 1931. In 1934, cupro-nickel 50 Groschen and 1 Schilling were introduced, together with silver 5 Schilling. Coins were issued until 1938.
Second Schilling
편집50 Schilling | |
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파일:50schilling.jpg | |
Value encircled by the Austrian coat-of-arms (at top) and coats of arms of the nine states of Austria | International Garden Exhibition |
640‰ silver, 20 g. The first year of reduced silver content in 50 Schilling coin. |
Between 1947 and 1952, coins in denominations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 Groschen; and 1, 2, and 5 Schilling were introduced. The 2 and 50 Groschen; 1, 2, and 5 schilling were struck in aluminium, as was the second type of 10 groschen coin. The 1 and 5 groschen and the first type of 10 groschen were in zinc, with the 20 groschen struck in aluminium-bronze. The 1 groschen was only struck in 1947, while the 20 groschen and 2 schilling coins were suspended from production in 1954 and 1952, respectively. In 1957, silver 10 schilling coins were introduced, followed in 1959 by aluminium-bronze 50 groschen and 1 schilling, and in 1960 by silver 5 schilling coins. Thus, the 5 schilling coins went from an aluminium composition to a silver one, a highly unusual event made possible by the substantial improvement of the Austrian economy in the 1950s. Cupro-nickel replaced silver in the 5 and 10 schilling coins in 1969 and 1974, respectively. An aluminium-bronze 20 schilling coin was introduced in 1980.
Silver coins were in the value of 25, 50, 100, 200 and 500 Schilling, but gold coins also existed for 500 and 1,000 Schilling. They were considered legal currency, but were rarely found in actual transactions.
At the time of the changeover to the euro, the coins in circulation were the following. Coins under 10 groschen were rarely seen in circulation during their final years.
Last Circulating Coins[1][2][3] | ||||||||||||
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Image | Value | € equiv. | Technical parameters | Description | Date of | |||||||
Diameter | Mass | Composition | Edge | Obverse | Reverse | first minting | first issue | last minting | end of legal tender status | |||
1 Groschen | 0.07 cent | 17 mm | 1.8 g | 100% zinc | Smooth | State title, coat of arms | Value, year of minting | 1947 | 5 April 1948 | 1950 | 31 December 2001 | |
2 Groschen | 0.15 cent | 18 mm | 0.9 g | 98.5% aluminium 1.5% magnesium |
Coat of arms | State title, value, year of minting | 1950 | 15 July 1950 | 1991 | 31 December 2001 | ||
5 Groschen | 0.36 cent | 19 mm | 2.5 g | 100% zinc | Notched | State title, coat of arms | Value, year of minting | 1948 | 17 June 1948 | 1992 | 31 December 2001 | |
10 Groschen | 10 Groschen | 0.73 cent | 20 mm | 1.1 g | 98.5% aluminium 1.5% magnesium |
Smooth | Coat of arms | Value, year of minting | 1951 | 27 November 1951 | 1998 | 31 December 2001 |
50 Groschen | 50 Groschen | 3.63 cent | 19.5 mm | 3 g | 91.5% copper 8.5% aluminium |
Serrated | Shield, state title | Value, gentian flower, year of minting | 1959 | 1 October 1959 | 1997 | 31 December 2001 |
1 schilling | S 1 | 7.27 cent | 22.5 mm | 4.2 g | Smooth | State title, value, year of minting | Edelweiss flowers, value | 1959 | 1 September 1959 | 1998 | 31 December 2001 | |
5 schilling | S 5 | 36.34 cent | 23.5 mm | 4.8 g | Cupronickel1 75% copper 25% nickel |
Smooth | State title, horse rider | Shield, value, year of minting | 1968 | 15 January 1969 | 1998 | 31 December 2001 |
10 schilling | S 10 | 72.67 cent | 26 mm | 6.2 g | Serrated | State title, coat of arms | Woman, value, year of minting | 1974 | 17 April 1974 | 1998 | 31 December 2001 | |
S 20 | 1.45 | 27.7 mm | 8 g | Aluminium bronze 92% copper 6% aluminium 2% nickel |
Smoothly with 19 points/Smooth 2 | State title, the nine Austrian provinces | Value, year of minting | 1980 | 10 December 1980 | 1993 | 31 December 2001 | |
S 20 | State title, value, shield, year of minting | Various commemorative subjects | 1982 | 27 March 1982 | 2001 | 31 December 2001 | ||||||
50 schilling | S 50 | 3.63 | 26.5 mm Core: 18.5 mm |
8.15 g | Ring: Aluminium bronze (as S 20) Center: Magnimat 7 |
Smooth | State title, value encircled by the coats-of-arms of the states of Austria | Various commemorative subjects | 1996 | 23 October 1996 | 2001 | 31 December 2001 |
틀:Standard coin table notice |
- 10 schilling has pure nickel core
- Smoothly with 19 points until 1992. In 1993, all previous 20 schilling coins were reissued with smooth edges.
Banknotes
편집First schilling
편집In 1925, notes were introduced by the Austrian National Bank in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 100 and 1,000 Schillinge (note the different spelling of the plural on this first 1925-series of notes).
In 1927-1929 a second series was added with 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 schilling notes. The one Schilling was substituted by a coin.
Second schilling
편집In 1945, the Allies introduced notes (dated 1944) in denominations of 50 groschen, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 25, 50, 100 and 1,000 schilling.[4] The National Bank also introduced notes in 1945, in denominations of 10, 20, 100 and 1,000 schilling and the allied currency with smale values up to 5 schilling remained valid until 1947. With the banknote reform of 1947, new notes were issued in denominations of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 1,000 schilling. Until 1957, the first 500 schilling banknote was issued and the 5 and 10 schilling notes were replaced by coins. However, although 20 schilling coins were issued from 1980, the 20 schilling note continued to be produced, with 5,000 schilling notes added in 1988.
1983 Series[5] | |||||||||
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Image Front | Image Back | Value | € equiv. | Dimensions | Description | Date of | |||
Obverse | Reverse | printing | issue | ||||||
S 20 | 1.45 | 123 × 61.5 mm | Moritz Daffinger | Albertina (Vienna) | 1 October 1986 | 19 October 1988 | |||
S 50 | 3.63 | 130 × 65 mm | Sigmund Freud | Josephinum (Alsergrund, Vienna) | 2 January 1986 | 19 October 1987 | |||
S 100 | 7.27 | 137 × 68.5 mm | Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk | Akademie der Wissenschaften | 2 January 1984 | 14 October 1985 | |||
S 500 | 36.34 | 144 × 72 mm | Otto Wagner | Post Office Savings Bank, Vienna | 1 July 1985 | 1986 | |||
S 1000 | 72.67 | 152 × 76 mm | Erwin Schrödinger | University of Vienna | 3 January 1983 | 1983 | |||
S 5000 | 363.36 | 160 × 78 mm | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | Wiener Staatsoper | 4 January 1988 | 17 October 1989 | |||
1997 Series | |||||||||
Image Front | Image Back | Value | € equiv. | Dimensions | Description | Date of | |||
Obverse | Reverse | printing | issue | ||||||
S 500 | 36.34 | 147 × 72 mm | Rosa Mayreder | Rosa Mayreder | 1 January 1997 | 20 October 1997 | |||
파일:Tausend Schiling hinten ab 1997.jpg | S 1000 | 72.67 | 154 × 72 mm | Karl Landsteiner | Karl Landsteiner | 1 January 1997 | 20 October 1997 | ||
틀:Standard banknote table notice |
See also
편집References
편집- ↑ Oesterreichische Nationalbank. “Gesamtverzeichnis der Schillingmünzen von 1947 bis 2001” (PDF) (독일어). 2006년 11월 10일에 보존된 문서 (PDF). 2006년 10월 23일에 확인함.
- ↑ Münze Österreich. “Coin Catalogue”. 2006년 10월 23일에 확인함.
- ↑ Oesterreichische Nationalbank. “Circulation Coinage”. 2005년 3월 17일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 10월 23일에 확인함.
- ↑ Allied Military Currency
- ↑ Oesterreichische Nationalbank. “From the Schilling to the Euro”. 2006년 9월 24일에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서. 2006년 10월 23일에 확인함.
- Krause, Chester L., and Clifford Mishler (2003). 《2004 Standard Catalog of World Coins: 1901–Present》. Colin R. Bruce II (senior editor) 31판. Krause Publications. ISBN 0873495934.
- Cuhaj, George S. (editor) (2006). 《Standard Catalog of World Paper Money: Modern Issues 1961-Present》 12판. Krause Publications. ISBN 0-89689-356-1.
External links
편집- Overview of the Austrian schilling from the BBC
- Library of Congress Country Studies Reports
- Banknotes Austria - Pictures of nearly all Austrian shilling banknotes
- Austrian banknotes explained and historical background information
- Austrian Schilling coins and banknotes descriptions and pictures
전임: Austrian krone 이유: inflation 비율: 1 Schilling = 10,000 Kronen |
Austria의 통화 1925 – 1938 |
후임: German Reichsmark 이유: German annexation (anschluss) 비율: 1 Reichsmark = 1.5 Schilling |
전임: German Reichsmark 이유: restoration of sovereignty, under allied occupation 비율: at par, limited to 150 schilling per person |
Austria의 통화 November 30, 1945 – November, 1947 |
후임: New Schilling 이유: inflation 비율: at par for the first 150 schilling per person, then 1 new schilling = 3 Allied Military Schilling |
전임: Allied Military Schilling 이유: inflation 비율: at par for the first 150 schilling per person, then 1 Schilling = 3 allied military schilling |
Austria의 통화 1947 – December 31, 2001 참고: euro existed as an accounting currency since 1 January 1999 |
후임: Euro 이유: deployment of euro cash 비율: 1 euro = 13.7603 schilling |