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Dok-do 獨島 다른이름: Liancourt Rocks
북쪽에서 본 독도. 왼쪽이 동도, 오른쪽이 서도.
지리
위치	동해
좌표	동도 북위 37° 14′ 26.8″ 동경 131° 52′ 10.4″ 서도 북위 37° 14′ 30.6″ 동경 131° 51′ 54.6″
구성 도서	91개 섬
주요 도서	동도(東島) · 서도(西島)
면적	동도 73,297m² 서도 88,740m² 부속도서 25,517m² 총 187,554m²
최고점	서도 대한봉 168.500m
실효 지배
대한민국
도	경상북도
군·읍·리	울릉군 울릉읍 독도리
영유권 주장
일본
현	시마네현
군·정	오키군 오키노시마정

Dok-do (the territory of the Republic of Korea)

This document shows the Republic of Korea's position on Dok-do and the history of Dok-do.

The contents of this paper are based on real historical evidence, which makes it clear that no diplomatic dispute is desired. Therefore, please refrain from attacking the document.

The South Korean government's basic stance to Dok-do.

Dok-do is a unique territory of the Republic of Korea, clearly historically, geographically and internationally.

There is no territorial dispute over Dok-do, and Dok-do is not subject to diplomatic negotiations or judicial resolution.

The South Korean government is firmly exercising territorial sovereignty over Dok-do.

The South Korean government is firmly and sternly responding to any provocations against Dok-do.

We will continue to protect Korea's sovereignty over Dok-do.

Korea's territorial sovereignty over Dok-do

Currently, the Republic of Korea exercises legislative, administrative and judicial sovereignty over Dok-do.

First, the police are stationed to guard Dok-do.

Second, the Korean military is protecting Dok-do's territorial waters and airspace.

Third, various laws and regulations concerning Dok-do are enforced.

Fifth, Korean residents live in Dok-do.

Dok-do's history

before the seventeenth century

It was formed about 4.6 million to 2.5 million years ago, but was divided into two islands due to rising sea levels in East Sea. The discovery of Silla-style earthenware around the 4th century on Ulleung-do shows that Ulleung-do residents interacted with Silla. Ulleung-do people are mainly fishing, and Ulleung-do people can see Dok-do, which has abundant fishing grounds, so it is presumed that Ulleung-do people knew about the island at that time.

In addition, Dok-do is within easy sight of Ulleung-do on a clear day. This shows that residents of Ulleung-do discovered the island before anyone else.

Until Three Kingdoms Period and Before (Conquest of Usanguk)

The record that Silla's Isabu surrendered Usan-guk (or Ulleungdo Island) in June 512 AD (13th year of Silla's reign) appears in the Samguksagi as follows.)

“

于山國在溟州正東海島 或名鬱陵島地方一百里 恃　 不服 伊　異斯夫爲何瑟羅州軍主 謂于山人愚悍難以威來 可以計服乃多造木偶師子 分載戰船　其國海岸 　告曰 汝若不服則放此猛獸踏殺之 國人恐懼則降 (｢삼국사기｣ 권4, 신라본기 지증왕 13년 6월)

”

On the other hand, not only Usan Province, but also Ulleungdo and Dokdo, but also Usan Province, including Dokdo, is not included in Silla's local administrative system, but also maintains its own political power.

Goryeo Dynasty

The history of Goryeo (1451, the first year of King Munjong's reign) records that Usan Province dedicated souvenirs to King Taejo of Goryeo in 930 AD during the Later Three Kingdoms Period.

우릉도(芋陵島) 에서 백길(白吉)과 토두(土豆)를 보내 방물을 바쳤다. 백길에게 정위(正位), 토두에게 정조(正朝) 품계를 각각 주었다(｢고려사｣ 권1, 세가 태조 13년 8월 병오일).

From 1018 (9th year of King Hyeonjong of Goryeo) to 1022 (13th year of King Hyeonjong of Goryeo), there is a record in "History of Goryeo" that Usan Province was severely damaged by the Northeast aftershock. Accordingly, King Hyeonjong sent Lee Won-koo to provide agricultural equipment in 1018, returned all the people of Yushan Province who fled due to the invasion of Yushan in 1019, and deployed them to Yushan Province (now Gyeongsangbuk-do and territorial waters) in 1022..

According to the Goryeo History and Geography Journal, Ulleung-do belongs to Ulleung-do, but it is not subject to tax cuts due to aftershocks, and Ulleung-do's administration is not functioning properly. .

On the other hand, no clear record of Usan-do being included in Uljin County's speed has been found..

울진현(蔚珍縣)은 원래 고구려의 우진야현(于珍也縣; 고우이군이라고도 한다)이다. 신라 경덕왕이 지금 명칭으로 고쳐서 군으로 만들었다. 고려에 와서 현으로 낮추고 현령을 두었다. 여기에는 울릉도가 있다. 이 현의 정동쪽 바다 가운데 있다. 신라 때에는 우산국, 무릉(武陵) 또는 우릉(羽陵)이라고 불렀는데 이 섬의 주위는 100리이며 지증왕 12년에 항복하여 왔다. 태조 13년에 이 섬 주민들이 백길･토두를 보내 방물을 바쳤다. 의종 11년에 왕이 울릉도는 면적이 넓고 땅이 비옥하며 옛날에는 주현을 설치한 일도 있으므로 능히 백성들이 살 수 있다는 말을 듣고 명주도 감창(溟州道監倉)인 김유립(金柔立)을 파견하여 시찰하게 하였다. 유립이 돌아와서 보고하기를 “섬에는 큰 산이 있으며 이 산마루로부터 바다까지의 거리는 동쪽으로는 1만여 보이며 서쪽으로는 1만 3천여 보, 남쪽으로는 1만 5천여 보, 북쪽으로는 8천여 보인데 마을이 있던 옛 터가 7개소 있고 돌부처, 철로 만든 종, 돌탑 등이 있었으며 시호(柴胡) 호본(藁本), 석남초(石南草) 등이 많이 자라고 있었습니다. 그러나 바위와 돌들이 많아서 사람이 살 곳이 못됩니다”라고 하였으므로 이 섬을 개척하여 백성들을 이주시키자는 여론은 중지되었다. 혹자는 말하기를 우산과 무릉은 원래 두 섬인데 서로 거리가 멀지 않아서 날씨가 맑으면 가히 바라볼 수 있다고도 한다](｢고려사｣ 권58, 지12 지리3 동계 울진현).

Ulleung-do was once used as an exile site in the late Goryeo period (Volume 91, Biography 4, Yeongheung-gun, September 19th, "Goryeo Mission Song"), but Ulleung-do was included in the local administrative system of Goryeo in the late Goryeo period..

Joseon period

Until the Goryeo period, the tributary relationship with Usan Province continued, and in the early 11th century, Usan Province people, who underwent aftershock acupuncture, fled to the mainland and became a direct control area of Goryeo. This continued during the Joseon Dynasty.

In the early days of King Taejong's reign, when residents moved to Ulleung-do without paying taxes, the Imperial Court forcibly moved the islanders to the mainland in 1416. The following year, three residents of Ulleung-do (then known as Wulleung-do) were relocated, and residents of Wulleung-do were relocated several times.

However, scholars in the Republic of Korea argue that even after the reprinting policy, officials from North Korea were dispatched to manage the island continuously under the water-soil system.

<Geographical Magazine> and Paldozuka Map of King Sejong's True Record

Ulleung-do Island and Dok-do in the east sea are recorded as two islands belonging to Uljin County in Gangwon Province in the section of the "Sejong Silok" geography magazine, compiled in 1454.

“

우산과 무릉 두 섬이 현의 정동 (방향) 바다 가운데(海中)에 있다. 두 섬이 서로 거리가 멀지 않아 바람이 불고 청명한 날씨면 바라볼 수 있다. 신라에서는 우산국이라 불렀다.

”

In general, this content is interpreted as follows.

Umbrella Island is drawn on the Paldochongdo Island of Sinjeungdongguk Yeoji Seungnam. On this map, Usando Island is located on the west side of Ulleungdo Island, not on the east side of Ulleungdo Island (there is no island on the west side of Ulleungdo Island). This seems to be a simple error in map production, and this map is not a precise description map.

In 1530, Joseon's general map of Paldo depicts Usan-do Island on the west side of Ulleung-do, which is opposite to the actual location of the island. However, judging from the level of detailed description of the map and the level of map production at that time, it can be said that the map was not actually drawn.

According to Korean scholars, the two islands, Dok-do and Ulleung-do, are located in Uljin and Jeong-dong, respectively, and the distance between the two islands is "the more clear the weather is."

Japanese scholars claim that Usan-do is the Juk-do near Ulleung-do, based on the comment in "New Jeungdongokyeojikan" that Usan-do and Ulleung-do are also one island.. In addition, the Imperial Court during the reign of Ahn Yong-bok said this was the case.

Park Se-dang (1629-1703) wrote in his collection that the weather in Ulleung-do is very bad or that you can't see Usan-do until you reach the top. Korean scholars argue that Ulsan Island is not the same as Ulleung-do, and that it is not adjacent to Ulleung-do, such as Juk-do and Gwaneum Island, based on the fact that Ulleung-do is not high or visible even if the weather is cloudy. In other words, there are many annexes around Ulleung-do, but Dok-do is the only island visible to the naked eye on a sunny day.

Therefore, Korean scholars cite this as saying that this is the only island that can become Usan-do..

17th and 18th centuries

In Japan, 1785, a Dok-do in the East Sea, the territory of the Joseon Dynasty are shown.

According to Otani Kuemon's "Preparation of Crossing the Sea of Juk-do," the Shogunate granted permission to the Otani and Muragawa families of Hoki fishermen to go to Ulleung-do Island in 1618. At that time, Japan called the island "Matsushima" and Ulleung-do " Juk-do." Scholars in the Republic of Korea argue that Ulleung-do and the island were Korean territory at that time, so there was no basis for the permission, and that even if there was a basis, it was the authority of the feudal lord. Until 1696, the two families traveled back and forth between Honshu and Ulleung-do and operated near Ulleung-do. However, Masanaka Naito, an emeritus professor at Shimane University in Japan, said the fact was not written in the official Japanese document.

After the Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592, the Japanese called Ulleung-do Juk-do or Iso Juk-do Dok-do) and began to catch fish or cut down trees in Ulleung-do or Dok-do.

In 1613 (Gwanghae 6), the Joseon Dynasty sent an official letter to the owner of Tsushima Island and banned Japanese from traveling to Ulleung-do and other islands. However, in 1618 (Kwanghae 10), the Muragawa family, a merchant of Yonago, Hakuiju, obtained an official license from the Tokugawa Shogunate in Edo, and the Japanese continued to use bedding on Ulleung-do and Dok-do.

Meanwhile, despite the government's ban, North Korean fishermen continued fishing in the waters off Ulleungdo and Dokdo, which have been fishing for generations.

In 1693 (19th year of King Sukjong's reign), about 40 fishermen from Dongnae and Ulsan, led by Ahn Yong-bok and Park E-un, clashed with daimyo fishermen on Ulleung-do Island, and exchanged diplomatic documents on Ulleung-do and Dok-do.

The controversy ended with the Japanese shogunate's promise not to go back to Ulleung-do after seeing through history books and Ahn Yong-bok's testimony that Ulleung-do was Juk-do (or Juk-do) and that it would not go back to Ulleung-do.

The process and outcome of the incident are important for the following reasons.

First, by the end of the 17th century, the two highest governments of the two countries officially identified Dok-do as affiliated islands of Ulleung-do and two islands as Korean territory, and ordinary people at that time knew that Dok-do was Korean territory.

The agreement sent to Japan by the Joseon Dynasty made it clear that Ulleung-do and Dok-do are now empty, but they have been handed down since ancient times.

At the time of the second collision, the Japanese said, "We originally lived on Song-do (the Japanese called Ulleung-do Juk-do and Dok-do Song-do) but we went fishing by accident. When Ahn Yong-bok said, "I'm going back to where I was," Song-do said, "Song-do is Josan Island (in Joseon, Dok-do was called Usan-do Island, but the letters "U" were written as "Jo," "Gwan," and "Sen"), "That's our territory, but Dok-do is our territory."

The Japanese claim that the Anryongbok incident was confined to Ulleung-do Island, but in this sense, the dispute over Dokdo's sovereignty was over by the end of the 17th century.

Second, the consequences of the incident have had a significant impact on the territorial consciousness and demarcation of boundaries between the two countries.

In North Korea, patrols such as Ulleung-do and Dok-do were strengthened. Although there are times when it is impossible to observe every other year due to the fact that regular inspections are carried out every two years, the average number of inspections in five years continues until Ulleung-gun is dispatched to the end of the Korean Peninsula.

As a result of the incident, Japan admitted that Ulleung-do and Dok-do belonged to North Korea, and set limits on the western boundary of Japan until the expansion of Japanese imperialism began. In 1696, the "Memorandum of Understanding of the Three Kingdoms" written by Taishu Hakuiju in 1696, the "Kissing Map of the Three Kingdoms" written by Masamasa Kitazawa in 1881, and so oOn the far right side of Jeong Sang-ki's map of Dongguk University, which was made around 1770, there is a map of Usan.n are evidence of this fact.

Ahn Yong-bok, a fisherman, went to Ulleung-do Island in 1693 to protest the fishing, and after being caught by the Japanese, letters were exchanged between the Imperial Court and the Japanese Shogunate.

In 1770, "Dongguk Literature Notes" wrote, "Ulleung-do and Dok-do are both Ulsan's territory, and Dok-do is what Japan calls Song-do," making it clear that Ulsan Island is Dok-do and Joseon's territory.

<동국대지도> Usan-do Island is drawn on the rightmost side..

in 1770 Japan's Foreign Ministry claims that it has long recognized the existence of Jukdo Island, citing that there are many maps that accurately describe Ulleungdo and Jukdo between the Korean Peninsula and the Oki Islands.Professor Masanaka Naito said, "The map of Nagakubo Sekisui shows Ulleungdo and Jukdo, but it was treated the same way as other countries, so it was not colored." He claimed that “〈 also take a general view of the Three Kingdoms, <삼국통랍도해> (三國通覽圖解) (1785) appendix 〈 samgukjjeop, <삼국접양도> (三國接洋圖) ‘one of the Joseon Dynasty’ about Takeshima in the annotations that the shipbuilding made it clear, and territory as a Takeshima is not listed in (government) since gwancha of the Edo period.”...

In the 18th century, Shin Kyung-joon's "Ganggye Goryeo" decree mentioned Usando along with Ulleungdo in East Sea, "여지지" and said that Usando and Ulleung are two islands, one of which belongs to Japan. In addition, Korean scholars argue that "여지지" was written by Yoo Yong-won in 1656 in the mid-17th century and clearly mentioned that Usando is Songdo, which Japan calls Songdo..

19th century.

"Ulleungdo Tsunami Construction Machine," a historical document on Ulleungdo at the University of Tokyo's library, is the last trial record that Paluemon, who was arrested in 1836, personally stated. The record details the plan and process of the illustration. Ulleungdo's tsunami construction is considered an important historical record in Japan as well as a thorough trial record. The map is simple but detailed. Joseon, Jukdo and Songdo were painted in the same red color. At that time, Japan called this island Songdo, or Songdo, or Ulleungdo, Jukdo, or Takeshima. On the other hand, the Oki Islands and Japanese territory were painted white (slightly yellow). The "Joseon Jukdo Travel Management Journal," which is kept in the Hamada City Library, is a book with records ranging from the Yayemon Transit Plan to the Death Penalty. The map in this book is a little more detailed. In this book, Japan is painted white, Ulleungdo and this island, and Joseon is painted red.. Based on these maps, South Korean scholars argue that the Edo Shogunate recognized Dokdo as Korean territory.

In 1849, sailors of the French whaling ship Liancourt discovered the island for the first time as a Westerner and named it a ship.

In the same way, in 1854, Manalai and Olivutsa Rocks were named after Russian warships, and in 1855, Hornet Rocks were named after British ships. However, most of the marks used in maps published in the 20th century are Liancourt Reef except for names called in Korea and Japan.

In 1869, three Japanese Foreign Ministry officials dispatched to Korea submitted a letter to the Japanese imperial government in 1870. According to South Korean scholars, the investigation concluded that Ulleungdo and Songdo were North Korean territory after investigating Jukdo and Songdo.

South Korean scholars argue that in 1877, the then supreme authority of the Japanese Empire recognized Ulleungdo and the island as Korean territory under the order of the then-Japanese government.

일본 내무성은 1876년 전국의 지적을 조사하고 지도를 만들기 위해 각 현에 조사를 지시했다. 그 해 10월 16일 시마네 현은 울릉도와 이 섬을 시마네 현의 지도와 지적 조사에 포함시킬 것인가를 내무성에 문의했다. 내무성은 17세기 말 조선과 주고 받은 왕복 문서와 기록들을 모두 조사했다. 내무성은 5개월 간의 조사 결과 이 문제는 이미 1699년에 끝난 문제로 울릉도와 이 섬은 조선 영토이며 ‘본방(本方=일본)과는 관계가 없다’고 결론짓고 일본 지도와 지적 조사에서 제외하기로 결정했다고 한국 학자들은 주장한다.

According to the "Songdo is Ulleungdo, North Korea, and Jukdo is a small island next to Jukdo," published by the Japanese Foreign Ministry in 1881. He also said, "Today, Songdo is a horse Jukdo named in the 12th year of the Genroku era, and we can see that it is a place other than our territory." Korean scholars point out that the Japanese Empire clearly stated that the island was outside Japan's territory.

In 1883, Sea of Japan's "Current Waterway Magazine" (March 1883) recognized the island as an annex to Ulleungdo, which was published in 1886, according to Korean scholars.

According to South Korean scholars, in 1892, Nakamura Tanemido of the Japanese Empire published Ulleungdo and the island as Korean territory in the "New Map of the World."

In 1899, Japan's Ministry of Naval Affairs published a national waterway magazine instead of the current waterway magazine, which was included in the second edition of the Chosun Waterway Magazine (p. 263-264).

On October 25, 1900, the Korean Empire issued Decree No. 41 to promote Ulleungdo to Gangwon Province, including Seokdo. It was promulgated in the official gazette of the Korean Empire. Japanese scholars argue that Ishijima has no basis for pointing to the island. Japan's claim means that North Koreans who lived on Ulleungdo did not know about the island for thousands of years, but South Korea's claim that Seokdo is Dokdo. The Korean government also criticized Japanese scholars for not pointing out what Ishijima was, and when it informed the governor of Uldo on March 28, 1906, the governor of Uldo said, "Uldo is trying to annex Japan."

(改正日本輿地路程全圖), with room for revision that was made in the Edo period Japanese power outage nagakubo sekiseui, 1791 (長久保赤水), Dokdo is and shown in the same color of the Joseon Dynasty.	(大日本海陸全圖) of land and sea in 1864 to Japan. Produced by Seiken Kenkyo. Say map of the ski nagakubo correction at random from the conductive (大日本海岸全圖) of Japanese coast, 1853 and referred to Dokdo by Japanese display as part of the Oki Province.	The Meiji period, Japan, in 1877, top administration taejeonggwan (太政官) the shogunate and Ulleungdo and Dokdo is Japan a part of the results (Ulleungdo jaenggye) or negotiations between the Joseon Dynasty, it is confirmed that, and “Takeshima (Ulleungdo) et (Dokdo : 一嶋), will keep in mind that there is no relationship with Japan” directed at the Home Office.

From 1901 to 1945

The missionary work of Japan was created during the Japanese Empire of Japan. Dokdo was labeled as Japanese territory.

In August 1904, during the Russo-Japanese War, the Japanese government planned to set up military guardhouses on Ulleungdo and the island to spy on Russian warships off the coast of East Sea. On January 28, 1905, at a Cabinet meeting in Japan, Jukdo was designated as the jurisdiction of Shimane Prefecture's Oki-Shimazu-Kasa, and on February 22, 1905, Shimane Prefecture's announcement No. 40 of the island was announced in the official gazette as Jukdo. However, unlike the practice of illegally transferring books to Japanese territory through Cabinet meetings, Shimane Prefecture's 40th bulletin was not published in any of the 104 newspapers of the Japanese Empire at that time and was published in June four months later. Moreover, Shimane Prefecture has not included the island in its map for more than 70 years. In response, Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs claimed that Jukdo was incorporated into Shimane Prefecture in 1905, reaffirming its intention to occupy Jukdoishima. Professor Masanaka Naito said, "Japanese government officials tried to illegally incorporate the island for the Russo-Japanese War by enticing businessmen who wanted to file a petition for the Grand House of Representatives.".

At that time, there was confusion between the names Matsushima and Jukdo in Japan. Before 1905, Songdo called Ulleungdo Jukdo, but most maps since 1905 show Ulleung-do as Song-do and Jukdo. At that time, the Korean name of the island was Seokdo, and Ulleungdo residents from Honam called it Dokdo.

Shimane Prefecture's Notice No. 40 states, "Since Jukdoishima was a landless island at the time of 1905, it meets the requirements of international law that Japan should be recognized as a landless island." However, scholars in the Republic of Korea refuted, "Even Japan knew that the island was not Muju, but North Korea's territory through the Jukdo study."

Moreover, the Japanese Interior Ministry opposed the annexation of the island before the Russo-Japanese War ended, saying, "There is a danger that Japan may have an ambition to swallow Korea." Korean scholars cite this fact as evidence that the Japanese Ministry of Interior acknowledged that the annexation of the island was an act of annexing part of Korean territory into Japanese territory.

According to international law, the preoccupation of non-residential areas has been announced both at home and abroad, but Japan has not been officially announced. Currently, only one copy of the notice is kept at the Shimane Prefectural Government Office, which was not included in the Shimane Prefectural Order or Shimane Prefecture Order issued on February 22, 1905. In other words, Korean scholars argue that unlike Japan's claim to legally incorporate the territory, it is only a "circulation" reviewed by several officials, which proves that the preoccupation was not made public and proceeded secretly.

Shim Heung-taek, the governor of Uldo-gun, reported the island to the Korean Empire the next day through an observation mission in Gangwon Province after learning that Japan had incorporated it into its territory on March 28, 1906. It was not until then that the Minister of Councillor of the Korean Empire officially protested against Japan. Japanese scholars point out that the government has not officially criticized Dok-do for a year despite criticism in newspapers published on the Korean Peninsula, but that the confusion surrounding Japan-Korea Treaty of 1905, which was concluded in November 1905.을사조약

On the other hand, maps of Japan published a few months after Shimane Prefecture's announcement, such as "New Geography of Korea" (Japanese: New Geography of Korea) and "Encyclopedia of the Empire" (Japanese: Encyclopedia) published in September of that year, do not show the island as Japanese territory. In addition, Korean scholars argue that it was wrong to use the word Jukdo, which refers to Ulleungdo, in Shimane Prefecture's announcement, and that there was confusion between the names Matsushima and Jukdo, indicating that Japan had no territorial consciousness of the island.

The second edition of the Chosun Waterway Magazine (Japanese: Chosun Waterway Magazine) published by the Ministry of Sea of Japan in 1907 contains pages 451 to 454, following the 1933 edition of the Chosun Coastal Waterway Magazine (Japanese: Chosun).

The history book of Japanese elementary schools published in 1928 marked Japanese territory in red in the description of the situation during the Russo-Japanese War, but the island was marked in purple, the same color as Joseon. The book, which was published by a Japanese government-authored textbook distributor, was supervised by a professor of history at Tokyo Imperial University.

The island is included in the map such as "The Chosun Coastal Waterway Magazine" prepared by the Sea of Japan Army in 1933. The map "The Land Survey Department's Area List" published by the Joseon Governor-General's Office in 1936, the textbook published in 1943, and the map of Haedong published in July 1945. This can be attributed to the idea that the island belonged to the Korean Peninsula, but on the other hand, it was easy to categorize the island into the Korean Peninsula because the Japanese Empire had sovereignty over the Korean Peninsula.

From 1946 to 1950

On August 15, 1945, Japan accepted the Potsdam Declaration and surrendered unconditionally to the Allies. The Supreme Command of Allied Powers, which ruled Japan, which lost on January 29, 1946, designates Japan's territory in SCAPIN No. 677 Memorandum on Separation of Some Peripheral Areas from Japan politically and administratively as follows..

For the purpose of this directive, Japan is defined to include the four main islands of Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku) and the approximately 1,000 smaller adjacent islands, including the Tsushima Islands and the Ryukyu (Nansei) Islands north of 30° North Latitude (excluding Kuchinoshima Island); and excluding (a) Utsuryo (Ullung) Island, Liancourt Rocks (Take Island) and Kuelpart (saishu or Cheju) Island, (b) the Ryukyu (nansei) Islands south of 30° North Latitude (including Kuchinoshima Island), the Izu, Kanpo, Sonin (Ogasawara) and Volcano (Kazan or Iwo) Island Groups, and all other outlying Pacific Islands including the Daito (Ohigashi or Gagari) Islands Group, and Parace Vela (Okino-tori), Kercus (Kinami-tori) and Canges (Nakano-tori) Islands, and (c) the Kurile (Ohishima) Islands, the Habomai (Hapomazo) Islands Group (including Suisho, Yuri, ?ki-yuri, ?hibotsu and Taraku Islands) and ?oikotan Island.

However, the directive says it is not "the final decision on the annex mentioned in paragraph 8 of the Potsdam Declaration." In fact, the islands specified in paragraph (b) were returned to Japan afterwards, but Ulleungdo and Jeju Island, which were designated as Korean territory, were established by the Korean government.

From the first draft of the San Francisco Peace Treaty to the fifth draft, the island became Korean territory., In the sixth draft drawn up on Dec. 29, 1949, the island is Japanese territory. However, the final proposal did not include any mention of Dokdo.

On August 10, 1951, the United States sent a letter of Rusk to the Republic of Korea. In the U.S. government's final answer to the sovereignty of the Republic of Korea and Japan, this paper labeled the island Japanese territory.

On June 22, 1953, Order 1033, "Memorandum of Understanding on Permitted Areas for Fishery and Whaling in Japan," restricted any Japanese fishing boat from entering the ship within 12 nautical miles of the island. The ship was named "MacArthur Line" after its commander.

In August 1947, the first academic survey on Ulleung-do and Do-kdo was conducted by the Korea Mountaineering Association, and the administrative area of the island was designated 42-76 in Do-dong, Ulleung-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do.

On June 30, 1948, dozens of fishermen were killed off the coast of Dok-do during bombing exercises by the U.S. Air Force, and a monument was built on January 6, 1951. The Japanese government pointed this out and claimed that the Allied Forces considered the island Japanese territory. However, the Korean government strongly protested, and on February 27, 1953, the U.S. Air Force commander sent a reply to the Korean government saying, "The island will be excluded from the U.S. Air Force Training Base." Accordingly, the U.S. government has repeatedly confirmed that the island belongs to the Republic of Korea, citing the U.S. government's response to the Korean government.

When the Korean War broke out in 1950, the Korean Air Defense Identification Zone (KADIZ), which was set up by the U.N. military to defend Korean territory in airspace, was included in the KADIZ. The South Korean government claims that the United Nations Air Force also considered the island Korean territory.

From 1951 to 1960

On June 20, 1951, Lieutenant General John B. Colter of the U.S. Forces Korea wrote to Prime Minister Jang Myung-bak asking the U.S. Air Force to use the island for training. On July 7, the deputy commander's office of the 8th U.S. Army in Korea sent a report to the commander-in-chief of the U.S. Army in Korea, saying, "Not only Prime Minister Jang Joon but also the Home Secretary in charge of the island approved it."

On September 8, 1951, Japan and the Allies signed the San Francisco Treaty and officially ended the war. The treaty clearly states Jeju Island, Geomun Island, and Ulleung Island as islands on the Korean Peninsula where Japan should waive its rights, but it does not mention them along with 3,167 other islands on the Korean Peninsula. In 1952, the Mainichi Shimbun reported the island as Korean territory on a map.

On January 18, 1952, the South Korean government issued the Presidential Declaration on Adjacent Maritime Sovereignty and decided to protect the island by including it on a peaceful ship. In response, Japan sent a diplomatic letter denying Korea's sovereignty over Dokdo to the Republic of Korea. Since then, the island has been seen as a disputed area by the international community.

On January 12, 1953, the South Korean government ordered the capture of foreign fishing boats on a peaceful ship. Since then, there have been a series of shootings and capture of Japanese fishing boats. On Feb. 4, a Japanese fisherman of a Japanese fishing boat was shot dead by a South Korean patrol boat. Japan claimed that 328 ships were shelled, 44 killed and 3,929 Japanese were detained before diplomatic relations between Japan and South Korea were normalized.

On April 27, 1953, 33 Dokdo Volunteer Guardians were formed around Hong Soon-chil, a resident of Ulleungdo. On June 27, a Japanese who landed on a ship disguised as an American ship destroyed a monument to fishermen in distress and put up a territorial sign saying, "Gokamura, Oki-gun, Shimane Prefecture, Japan," to protest against the Republic of Korea. As a result, the Korean National Assembly decided to protect the island from Japan on July 12, 1956, and the Dokdo Volunteer Guard was stationed on the island until the Korean police took over the security mission on December 30, 1956. Since then, no ordinary people have been allowed to enter the island.

The Dokdo Territorial Monument was built on August 5, 1953, and the Territorial Monument was marked on January 18, 1954, and the unmanned lighthouse was set up on August 15. On September 25, 1954, the Japanese government proposed to the International Court of Justice to finalize the territorial dispute, but the Korean government rejected the letter on October 28, saying, "It is not wise to delegate Dokdo to the International Court of Justice."

1961 to now

In June 1965, the South Korean government signed a Korea-Japan fisheries agreement to replace the fisheries demarcation line stipulated in the Peace Line with the same time as the normalization of diplomatic relations between Korea and Japan. At that time, Korea and Japan claimed sovereignty over the island, so the agreement did not include matters related to the island. During the negotiations, then-Japanese Director General Yujiro Iseki proposed to then-South Korean Central Intelligence Minister Kim Jong-pil to bomb the island..

At 5:50 a.m. on August 28, 1981, the Japanese patrol boat PC114 approached the sea 500 meters east of Dokdo Lighthouse, and about 10 crew members watched the island's lighthouse with binoculars for 10 minutes. In the same year, the Republic of Korea set up a helicopter takeoff and landing facility on the island, a radar base in 1993, a landing facility for 500 tons of ships, and a manned lighthouse in December 1998. Whenever the Republic of Korea builds related facilities and monuments on the island, the Japanese Foreign Ministry protested to the Korean government.

Korea and Japan signed the Korea-Japan Fisheries Agreement in 1998, but as a result, the island was placed in an exclusive economic zone between Korea and Japan. In response, the Constitutional Court rejected the request, saying, "The territorial rights of the two countries have nothing to do with the territorial rights or territorial waters of the islands.".

On March 20, 2000, the Ulleung County Council passed an ordinance to change the administrative area of the island. As a result, the administrative district of Dokdo changed from 42-76 in Ulleung-eup, Gyeongsangbuk-do to 1-37 in Ulleung-eup, Gyeongsangbuk-do.

On January 14, 2005, the Shimane Prefectural Assembly enacted an ordinance that designated February 22, 100 years ago as Jukdo Day, submitted it to Congress on February 23, and finally approved it on March 16. The South Korean government protested, and the Gyeongsangbuk-do parliament approved an ordinance on June 9, 2005 to designate October as Dokdo Month. The main points are to give the governor the authority to regulate the official visits of executives and employees of corporations and organizations donated by Gyeongsangbuk-do government officials and provincial governments. The process of screening and promulgation as of June 2005 remains.

In October 2006, Professor Yuji Hosaka of Sejong University, a Japanese-American, unveiled two ancient maps of Japan that labeled the island Korean territory in the 19th century (the "Zenzu of Korea" in 1882 and the "Zenzu of Japan" in 1883). He visited the Dokdo Museum in Ulleungdo and donated the two maps.

Recent trends

 이 부분의 본문은 독도 분쟁입니다.

Since the establishment of the government in 1948, the Republic of Korea has effectively ruled the island. The Korean government has avoided diplomatic public discussion of the island, saying that peaceful rule under international law is the most reliable basis for claiming territorial rights. Currently, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Maritime Affairs are responding to disputes over the island..

According to the number of citizens on both sides of the island as of 2005, about 1,000 people, including Jeong Kwang-tae, who sang Dokdo is Korean territory, have registered on the island. In Japan, 26 people have family registers on the island..

However, since 1991, Kim Sung-do and Kim Shin-yeol have lived in 20 Dokdo Mountain. The South Korean police are guarding the area as part of their security operations.

On April 23, 2005, Kim Am-gye (39 years old at the time) and Song Am-gye (32 years old at the time) married in Dokdo. On April 26, the Korean National Assembly passed a bill on the sustainable use of Dokdo, and the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries established a basic plan for island use every five years.

In the past, many Japanese were not interested in the island, but since the 2000s, more and more people have been talking about criticism of the island's conflicts. A majority of Japanese opinion polls said they thought Jukdoishima was Japanese territory, and only a few people in Japan criticize Jukdo Day. Since 2005, the Japanese media have expanded the island issue and reported it as a territorial dispute area, and Shimane Prefecture and other neighboring prefectures have joined forces to claim ownership of the island.

In addition to the island, Japan is expected to transfer the island issue to the International Court of Justice because of territorial disputes such as the Kuril Islands dispute with Russia and the Senkaku Islands dispute with China. In response, the South Korean government officially replied, "There is no reason to go to court because Japan's claim is an infringement of its sovereignty and Dokdo is Korea's territory." On the other hand, the international community is criticized for acting differently from the territorial dispute between China and the Senkaku Islands and the Sea of Japan Islands because it is based on the logic of power.

In 2006, South Korean President Roh Moo Hyun issued a special speech on Japan-South Korea relations and urged Japan to act in accordance with its apology. In a special speech, he said, " Dokdo is Korean territory. However, it is not Korean territory, but a historical land with a painful history of 40 years." Dokdo was the first Korean territory to be absorbed during Japan's invasion of the Korean Peninsula. This is the land that Japan incorporated and occupied for the purpose of carrying out the war during the Russo-Japanese War." He also said Japan's claim to Dokdo symbolizes a complete restoration of sovereignty because it claims the rights of occupied territories caused by imperialist aggression and even colonial territorial rights in the past. Diplomatic relations between the two countries have cooled sharply, and the Roh Moo Hyun government has summoned the ambassador to Japan..

In February 2008, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs published and distributed a booklet claiming Japan's sovereignty over the island. The Northeast Asian History Foundation of Korea and the Korea Maritime Development Institute published data that refuted this..

In July 2008, the Japanese government announced that it would mark the island as Japanese territory in a commentary on how to guide middle school social textbooks and educate the island from 2012, which immediately received protests from the Korean government.. Dokdo notation on the issue In response, the Republic of Korea when is debatable, considering..

On July 29, 2008, Prime Minister Han Seung-soo visited the island for the first time as an incumbent prime minister since the establishment of the Korean government.

Doi Ryuichi the Democratic Party of Japan on March 9, 2011, claims to the Korean-controlled Dokdo islands of the Japanese government signed a declaration calling for..

August 10, 2012, Lee Myung-bak, president since the founding of government is sitting president visited the island first..

Dok-do related laws and regulations

• Enforcement Decree of the State Property Act.
• How to protect cultural properties.
• Act on the Planning and Utilization of National Territory A specific book test.
• Fisheries Resource Protection Act.
• Special Act on the ecological preserve of Dokdo and other insular areas.
• The Act on the sustainable use of Dokdo.
• Act on the Conservation and Management of Uninhabited Islands
• Act on Exclusive Economic Zone and Continental Shelf
• Act on the exercise of sovereign rights to foreign fishing, etc. in the exclusive economic zone.
• Rules on judicial procedures for ships, etc. violating foreign fishing restrictions in the exclusive economic zone.
• Territorial waters and water control methods.
• Enforcement Rules of the Marine Science Research Act.
• How to Develop Undersea Mineral Resources.
• Regulations of the Cultural Heritage Committee.Dokdo a volunteer garrison support law.

External link

Ministry of Foreign Affairs Dok-do https://dokdo.mofa.go.kr/kor/

the basic position of the Korean government on Dok-do https://dokdo.mofa.go.kr/kor/dokdo/government_position.jsp

historical evidence that Dok-do is the territory of the Republic of Korea https://dokdo.mofa.go.kr/kor/dokdo/reason.jsp

government statement on Dok-do https://dokdo.mofa.go.kr/kor/dokdo/government_announce_list.jsp