사용자:배우는사람/문서:Flood myth: 두 판 사이의 차이
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====Lao (Indochina)====
*[[:en:Khun Borom|Khun Borom]]
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=====Khun Borom=====
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'''Khun Borom Rachathirath''' is the legendary progenitor of the [[:en:Tai peoples|Tai]]-speaking peoples, considered by the [[:en:Lao people|Lao]] and others to be the father of their race.
In the framework of Chinese historiography Khun Borom is identified as '''Piluoge''' (皮羅閣) who unified the kingdom of [[:en:Kingdom of Nanzhao|Nanzhao]]'s six parts and ruled it in 728—748. He had military assistance and titles from [[:en:Emperor Xuanzong of Tang|Emperor Xuanzong of Tang]], and in 740 established his capital at Daiho near modern [[:en:Dali City, Yunnan|Dali]].
'''Mythology'''
According to the myth of Khun Borom, commonly related among the Lao, people in ancient times were wicked and crude. A great deity destroyed them with a flood, leaving only three worthy chiefs who were preserved in [[:en:heaven|heaven]] to be the founders and guides for a new race of people. The deity sent the three chiefs back to the earth with a [[:en:Bubalus|buffalo]] to help them till the land. The chiefs and the buffalo arrived in the land of [[:en:Muang Then|Muang Then]] (believed to be present-day [[:en:Dien Bien Phu|Dien Bien Phu]] in [[:en:Vietnam|Vietnam]]). Once the land had been prepared for [[:en:rice|rice]] cultivation, the buffalo died and a [[:en:gourd|gourd]] vine grew from his nostril. From the gourds on the vine, the new human race emerged—relatively dark-skinned aboriginal peoples emerging from gourds cut open with a hot poker, and the lighter skinned Lao emerging from cuts made with a chisel.
The gods then taught the Tai people how to build houses and cultivate rice. They were instructed in proper rituals and behaviour, and grew prosperous. As their population grew, they needed aid in governing their relations and resolving disputes. Indra, the king of gods, sent his son, Khun Borom, to be the ruler of the Tai people. Khun Borom ruled the Tai people for 25 years, teaching them to use new tools and other arts. After this quarter-century span, Khun Borom divided the Tai kingdom among his seven sons, giving each one of them a portion of the kingdom to rule. The eldest son, [[:en:Khun Lo|Khun Lo]], was given the [[:en:Dian Kingdom|Dian Kingdom]]- modern-day [[:en:Kunming|Kunming]]. Other sons were assigned to conquer the [[:en:Lao people|Jiuli]] tribes.
'''Scholarship'''
Some interpreters of the story of Khun Borom believe that it describes Tai-speaking peoples arriving in Southeast Asia from China (mythically identified with heaven, from which the Tai chiefs emerge after the flood). The system of dividing and expanding a kingdom in order to provide for the sons of a ruler agrees in general with the apparent organization and succession practices of ancient Tai village groups was called ''[[:en:mueang|mueang]]''.
Khun Bourom Maharasa dynasty - The great King of the Nan Chao (Ai Lao) Empire. Khun Borom had nine sons, and seven of them became kings in different kingdoms in "Lamthong": <BR>
# "Khun Lor" ruled Moung Sawa ([[:en:Luang Prabang|Sua]]), (Luang Phrabang, Laos)
# "Khun Palanh" ruled [[:en:Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture|Sipsong Panna]], (Yunnan, China)
# "Khun Chusong" ruled Tung Kea, (Muang Huao-Phanh to Tonkin, Vietnam)
# "Khun Saiphong" ruled [[:en:Lanna|Lanna]], ([[:en:Chiang Mai|Chiang Mai]], Thailand)
# "Khun Ngua In" ruled [[:en:Ayutthaya Kingdom|Ayuthaya]], (Thailand)
# "Khun Lok-Khom" ruled [[:en:Hamsavati|Moung Hongsa]] (Inthaputh), (Shan state, Burma)
# "Khun Chet-Cheang" ruled Moung Phuan, ([[:en:Xiangkhouang Province|Xieng Khouang]], Laos).<BR>
There were 19 kings after Khun Lor who ruled Muang Sawa (Sua). The last one was Khun Vaang.
After his death, his son who was named "Lang", took the throne and was then named "King Langthirath".
After King Langthirath died, his son (Thao Khamphong) was crowned as "King Souvanna Khamphong."
After King Souvanna Khamphong died, his son "Chao Fifah" or "Khamhiao" took the throne.
Chao Fifah (Khamhiao) had six sons and one of them was "Chao Fa-Ngum". [[:en:Fa Ngum|King Fa Ngum]] was the creator of the [[:en:Lan Xang|Lan Xang]] Kingdom during his reign in the 13th century.
Both King [[:en:Mangrai|Mangrai]] of Chiang Mai and [[:en:Uthong|Uthong]] of [[:en:Ayutthaya Kingdom|Ayutthaya]] are said to have been descendants of Khum Borom's younger sons.
Scholar [[:en:David K. Wyatt|David K. Wyatt]] believes that the Khun Borom myth may provide insight into the early history of the Tai people in Southeast Asia. Versions of the Khun Borom myth occur as early as 698 CE in Siang Khwang, and identify Tai-speaking kingdoms that would be formally established years later. This may indicate the early geographical spread of Tai-speaking peoples, and provides a mythological explanation for why modern Tai-speaking peoples are found in such widespread pockets. Linguistic analysis indicates that the division of the early Tai speakers into the language groups that gave rise to modern [[:en:Thai language|Thai]], [[:en:Lao language|Lao]] and other languages occurred sometime between the 7th and 11th centuries CE. This split proceeded along geographic lines very similar to the division given in the Khun Borom legend.
'''See also'''
*[[:en:Thens|Thens]]
'''Sources'''
*[[:en:David K. Wyatt|Wyatt, David K.]], ''Thailand: A Short History'', New Haven (Yale University Press), 2003. ISBN 0-300-08475-7
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