축 (바둑)
바둑에서 축(逐, ladder)은 상대의 돌을 계단 모양으로 계속 단수쳐서 1선까지 몰아서 잡는 것을 말한다. 바둑에 있어서 기본적인 기술 중의 하나인데, 당하는 쪽은 몇 수만 이어가도 매우 큰 피해를 받기 때문에 '축을 모르고는 바둑을 두지 말라.'라고 하는 격언도 있다. 축에 걸렸을 때는 응수하지 말라는 뜻으로 '축 한 번 나가면 7집 손해'라는 말도 있다.
개요
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흑이 1에 두는 수가 축을 시작하는 기본적인 형태이다. 백이 2로 도망가면, 흑이 3으로 앞을 막는다.
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계속 백이 도망간다고 해도 차례로 막아나가면 결국 끝줄에 가서는 도망갈 곳이 없어서 백이 죽게 된다.
축머리
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축으로 몰린 돌의 앞길을 축머리(ladder breaker)라 한다. 위 그림은 흑에게 몰린 백의 축머리에 백돌이 놓여 있어 흑이 몰아가서는 안 되는 형태이다.
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앞의 그림에서 만일 흑이 계속 몰아가면 축머리의 백돌과 이어져 백이 도망가버린다. 그와 동시에 백을 몰아갔던 흑은 백의 양단수(붉은 동그라미)에 꼼짝없이 당할 수밖에 없는 형태가 되어 매우 곤란해진다.
축머리의 활용
편집자신의 돌이 축으로 몰린 쪽이 축머리를 이용하여 좋은 자리를 선점할 수 있는 경우가 있다.
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이 그림은 흑 1로 백 Δ가 단수에 걸렸다. 백이 a에 두면 그 다음은 흑이 b에 두어 다시 단수를 치면서 축으로 몰리는 형태가 된다.
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위와 같이 백 2로 우상귀에 걸침수를 둔다. 이 걸침수는 동시에 백 Δ의 축머리도 되므로,
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흑이 손빼면 백이 이렇게 달아나서 손쉽게 살아갈 수 있는 모양이 된다.
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할 수 없이 흑 3으로 백 Δ를 잡아내면, 백 4로 다시 걸침수를 두어 우상귀의 흑을 압박하는 모양이 된다. 이런 식으로 축과 축머리를 이용하는 전술은 실전에서도 자주 등장하는 전술 중 하나이다.